Rast ravekirina t\u00eageha r\u00eaveber\u00ee, ney\u00eaniy\u00ean ji ber t\u00eageha desthilatdariy\u00ea \u00fb ji h\u00eala tine kirina miyoptiyan giringe. R\u00eaveber\u00ee j\u00ee wek\u00ee \u00e7and di civak\u00ea de \u00e7\u00eakerek xwed\u00ee berdewamiye. Ger em h\u00een bi gi\u015ft\u00ee bigrin dest, di astek gerd\u00fbn\u00ee de li p\u00ea\u015fketina mej\u00ee \u00fb bi taybet\u00ee j\u00ee di gerd\u00fbna b\u00eeyoloj\u00eekde li t\u00eerb\u00fbna t\u00fbreyan rast t\u00ea.\u00a0 R\u00eaveber\u00ee sererastiya di gerd\u00fbn\u00ea de, rew\u015fa ji kaos\u00ea derketin\u00ea rave dike. Rew\u015fa p\u00ea\u015fketiya xwezay\u00ea yak \u00fb di civak\u00ea de xwed\u00ee wateyek bi hi\u015fmendiya nerm, bi xwe re p\u00ea\u015fketina erka r\u00eaveber\u00eey\u00ea t\u00eane. Ji mejiy\u00ea civak\u00ee re gotina r\u00eaveber\u00ee gengaze. Di v\u00ea rew\u015f\u00ea de \u00e7areserkirina t\u00eageh\u00ean r\u00eaveberiya xweser \u00fb r\u00eaveberiya biyan\u00ee xwed\u00ee gir\u00eengiye.<\/p>\n
Dema k\u00fb R\u00eaveberiya xweser; sererastkirin \u00fb kontrolkirina erk\u00ea di xwesaya civaka xwe de, bi v\u00ee away\u00ee j\u00ee p\u00eakan\u00eena berdewamiya civak\u00ea \u00fb bi garant\u00ee kirina parastin \u00fb t\u00eemarkirina w\u00ea p\u00eakt\u00eane, r\u00eaveberiya biyan\u00ee xwe wek\u00ee desthilatdar \u201cxwezay\u00ee dike\u201d bi b\u00eahi\u015f kirina civaka k\u00fb li ser hat\u00ee damezirandin (\u015fu\u015ftina mej\u00ee), bi v\u00ee away\u00ee j\u00ee ji bo xwe dizivir\u00eene rew\u015fa m\u00eat\u00eenger\u00ee \u00fb bi r\u00eave dibe. Li gor\u00ee w\u00ea jibo civakek\u00ee r\u00eaveberiya xweser di giringiyek jiyan\u00ee de ye. Civakek k\u00fb ji r\u00eaveberiya xweser b\u00eapar may\u00ee wek\u00ee k\u00fb ji m\u00eat\u00eengerb\u00fbn\u00ea nikare rizgar bibe, wek\u00ee encama v\u00ea ya xwezay\u00ee t\u00fbne b\u00fbna w\u00ea ya di p\u00eavajoyek bi as\u00eem\u00eelasyon \u00fb komkujiyan ne guhere.<\/p>\n
R\u00eaveberiy\u00ean biyan\u00ee n\u00fbneriya \u015f\u00eawey\u00ea her\u00ee zordar \u00fb met\u00eenger ya desthilatdariy\u00ea li ser cewher\u00ea civak\u00ea dikin. Jiber v\u00ea yek\u00ea ji bo civakek\u00ee erk\u00ea her\u00ee jiyan\u00ee, exlaq\u00ee, bi zanist \u00fb estet\u00eek gihi\u015ftina h\u00eaza r\u00eaveberiya xweser e. civaka k\u00fb nekariy\u00ee v\u00ee erk\u00ee p\u00eakb\u00eane, li gor\u00ee k\u00fb p\u00ea\u015fketina w\u00ea ya exlaq\u00ee, zanist\u00ee \u00fb estet\u00eek ne gengaze, bi saz\u00eeb\u00fbna siyas\u00ee \u00fb abor\u00ee \u00fb p\u00ea\u015fketina w\u00ea j\u00ee t\u00fbne dibe. Ya gir\u00eeng, ji aliyek\u00ee ve erk\u00ea r\u00eaveber\u00ee xwe ji \u015f\u00eawaz\u00ea desthilatdariy\u00ea b\u00eapar bih\u00eale, ji aliy\u00ea din ve j\u00ee li hember\u00ee b\u00ear\u00eaveberiy\u00ea heya daw\u00ee berxwedan e. bi qas\u00ee desthilatdar nekirina r\u00eaveberiy\u00ea, ji dest standina cudakariy\u00ean desthilata r\u00eaveberiy\u00ea j\u00ee xwed\u00ee gir\u00eengiyek mezin e. Her \u00e7end\u00ea k\u00fb desthilat\u00ee dij-civak\u00ee be, r\u00eaveber\u00ee j\u00ee ew qas xwed\u00ee erk\u00ea civak\u00ee ye. B\u00eay\u00ee erka civak\u00ee p\u00ea\u015fketinek exlaq\u00ee, estet\u00eek \u00fb zanist\u00ee p\u00eaknay\u00ea. Bi v\u00ee away\u00ee di wateyek\u00ee teng de ger k\u00fb p\u00ea\u015fketinek \u00e7and\u00ee nebe, di wateya berfireh de p\u00ea\u015fketina abor\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee j\u00ee p\u00eaknay\u00ea. Di v\u00ea rew\u015f\u00ea de ti\u015fta k\u00fb were jiy\u00een di encama m\u00eat\u00eenger\u00ee, as\u00eem\u00eelasyon \u00fb komkujiyan de t\u00fbneb\u00fbne.<\/p>\n
Her \u00e7end\u00ea r\u00eaveberiya desthilatdar di civak\u00ee de ant\u00eedemokrat\u00eek be, r\u00eaveberiya xweser j\u00ee ew qas bi r\u00eaveberiyek demokrat\u00eek ve peywend\u00eedar e. her \u00e7end\u00ea r\u00eaveber\u00eeya desthilata xwer\u00fb dijberiya xwe ya demokras\u00ee \u00fb d\u00fbrketina civak\u00ea ji r\u00eaveberiy\u00ea rave bike, r\u00eaveberiy\u00ean xweser j\u00ee civak\u00ea li gor\u00ee r\u00eajeya be\u015fdar\u00ee r\u00eaveberiy\u00ea kirin\u00ea demokrat\u00eekb\u00fbn\u00ea rave dikin. Di v\u00ea rew\u015f\u00ea de demokras\u00ee wek\u00ee r\u00eaveberiya xweser k\u00fb civak\u00ea be\u015fdar\u00ee l\u00ea kir\u00ee dikare were ravekirin. R\u00eaveberiy\u00ean xweser ji ber k\u00fb tim bi civak\u00ea re peywend\u00eedarin, li gor\u00ee k\u00fb be\u015fdarneb\u00fbna wan nay\u00ea hizir\u00een, di xwezaya wan de demokras\u00ee heye. Li gor\u00ee k\u00fb Demokras\u00ee h\u00een z\u00eadetir jibo civak\u00ean makro y\u00ean wek gel \u00fb civak\u00ea t\u00eagehek\u00ee t\u00ea hizir\u00eene j\u00ee, r\u00eaveberiy\u00ean xweser erkek\u00ee k\u00fb ji civaka klana her\u00ee bi\u00e7\u00fbk heyan\u00ee civak\u00ean netew\u00ee y\u00ean berfireh belav b\u00fby\u00ee \u00fb berdewamiya xwe hey\u00ee rave dikin. Kr\u00eeza her\u00ee gir\u00eeng k\u00fb civaknas\u00ee jiyandike yanj\u00ee di destp\u00eaka pirsgir\u00eakan de belbeleya desthilat \u00fb r\u00eaveberiy\u00ea \u00fb berovaj\u00ee kirina w\u00ea \u00e7aresernekirin t\u00ea. Ev j\u00ee bi xwe re bi hem\u00fb anal\u00eez\u00ean \u00e7\u00eaker\u00ee \u00fb exlaq\u00ee, n\u00eaz\u00eekatiy\u00ean d\u00eerok\u00ee dinava kaos\u00ea de digre, temen\u00ea kr\u00eez\u00ea dir\u00eaj dike. Encam; daqurt\u00eena desthilat\u00ea ya hem\u00fb civak \u00fb derdor\u00ea, valekirina hundir\u00ea demokrasiy\u00ea \u00fb an\u00eena rew\u015fa qa\u015filek vale, daxistina \u015f\u00eaweyek k\u00fb xwe b\u00ea wate dubare bike ye. Zanista civak\u00ee t\u00eageh\u00ean desthilatdar \u00fb r\u00eaveberiy\u00ean demokrat\u00eek ger k\u00fb negre odaka xwe \u00fb \u00e7areser neke \u00fb bi v\u00ea re peywend\u00eedar \u00e7areseriya w\u00ea li d\u00eerok \u00fb zanist\u00ean din belav neke, bi serketina kr\u00eeza di qada zanist\u00ee de \u00fb bi v\u00ea re kr\u00eeza civak\u00ee bi \u00e7\u00eakerek \u00fb wateyek n\u00fb derbas kirina w\u00ea d\u00ea ne gengaz be.<\/p>\n
T\u00eageha pol\u00eet\u00eekay\u00ea j\u00ee her\u00ee k\u00eam wek\u00ee t\u00eageha desthilatdar n\u00fbnertiya t\u00eagihi\u015ftina \u00e7\u00eakera civakek zor dike. Pol\u00eet\u00eeka yak \u00fb t\u00eageh\u00ean hem r\u00eaveber\u00ee hem j\u00ee y\u00ean desthilat\u00ea bib\u00eer t\u00eanin, wek\u00ee peyv ji koka Grek\u00ee ye \u00fb t\u00ea wateya \u201cr\u00eaveberiya baj\u00ear\u201d. L\u00eabel\u00ea wek\u00ee \u00e7\u00eakera civak\u00ee dema k\u00fb were qal kirin, bi azad\u00ee r\u00eavebirina civak\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fketina w\u00ea \u00fb p\u00eakan\u00eena p\u00ea\u015fketina takekes\u00ee j\u00ee dikare were p\u00eanase kirin. Li gor\u00ee k\u00fb \u00e7\u00eakera r\u00eaveber\u00ee digre nava xwe j\u00ee nay\u00ea daxistina heya w\u00ea der\u00ea. Ne bi r\u00eaveberiya xweser ne j\u00ee bi desthilat\u00ea nay\u00ea wekhev kirin. Nirxandina pol\u00eet\u00eekay\u00ea bi qada azadiya civak\u00ea, qada xuliq\u00een\u00ea ya p\u00ea\u015fketin bi wate \u00fb v\u00een\u00ea h\u00een n\u00eaz\u00ee rastiya cewher\u00ee ye. Heta, wekhevkirina pol\u00eet\u00eekay\u00ea bi azadiy\u00ea gengaz e. Li vir, civak hem bi hizir hem j\u00ee bi \u00e7alekiyan xwe, nasnameya xwe bi zanist kirin, p\u00ea\u015fxistin \u00fb parastina w\u00ea mijara gotin\u00ea ye. Dema k\u00fb pol\u00eet\u00eeka were rew\u015fa erk\u00ea r\u00eaveberiya xweser, li gor\u00ee k\u00fb wek\u00ee pol\u00eet\u00eeka ya demokrat\u00eek nasname qezenc dike, zivirandina pol\u00eet\u00eekay\u00ea rew\u015fa r\u00eaveberiya desthilatdar j\u00ee ji rastiya xweya cewher\u00ee d\u00fbrxistin \u00fb wek\u00ee daxistina rew\u015fa k\u00fb xwe bi xwe mand\u00eal bike dikare were nirxandin. Qada desthilat\u00ea, qada mand\u00ealkirina pol\u00eet\u00eekay\u00ea ye. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea r\u00eaveberiya dewlet\u00ea wek\u00ee k\u00fb l\u00eeberal\u00eezm bi \u0131srar pozberdike, ne pol\u00eet\u00eeka \u00fb pol\u00eet\u00eek b\u00fbn, dij\u00ea w\u00ea mand\u00eal kirina pol\u00eet\u00eekay\u00ea \u00fb li \u015f\u00fbna w\u00ea t\u00ea wateya yan keyf\u00ee r\u00eavebirina desthilat\u00ea yan j\u00ee derbaskirina \u00eedareya bi qural ya dewlet\u00ea. \u00cedareya dewlet\u00ea qet wek\u00ee pol\u00eet\u00eeka nay\u00ea p\u00eanasekirin; her wek\u00ee k\u00fb rew\u015fa desthilat\u00ea ya gihi\u015ft\u00ee norma bi qural e. desthilat bi xwe j\u00ee di her merc\u00ee de vedanek ya pol\u00eet\u00eekay\u00ea ye.<\/p>\n
Di civaknas\u00ee de qada k\u00fb her\u00ee z\u00eade belbeleya t\u00eageh l\u00ea t\u00eat kirin qad\u00ean desthilat, r\u00eaveber\u00ee \u00fb t\u00eakiliy\u00ean pol\u00eet\u00eek in. t\u00eageh ew qas di nav hev re \u00fb herwek\u00ee k\u00fb wek\u00ee hev t\u00ea karan\u00een k\u00fb, hem\u00fb bane zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee bi awayek xelek xelet li hev hatiye honandin. Zanista civak\u00ee k\u00fb best ji v\u00eena L\u00eeberal girt\u00ee, di v\u00ea qad\u00ea de li t\u00eakilheviyek s\u00eenor ne nas xizmet\u00ea dike. Bi taybet\u00ee j\u00ee ji bo hem\u00fb \u00e7alekiy\u00ean s\u00eestem\u00ean sitemkar re dib\u00eaje pol\u00eet\u00eeka, r\u00eagez\u00ean pol\u00eet\u00eek y\u00ean kariy\u00een li ser piyan bi m\u00eenin j\u00ee ji ned\u00eet\u00ee ve t\u00ea; r\u00eaveberiya e\u015f\u00eer\u00ea ya kevneperest, teng mehel\u00ee, dem dir\u00eaj ned\u00eetin, di \u015f\u00eawey\u00ea berjewendiy\u00ean bingeh\u00een y\u00ean netew\u00ee k\u00fb hundir \u00fb ji derve re n\u00fbnert\u00ee nekirin de t\u00ea darezandin. T\u00eakilheviya di v\u00ea mijar\u00ea de \u00fb belbele di p\u00eevan\u00ean gelek mezin de ne. pol\u00eet\u00eeka ji m\u00eaj ve ji civak\u00ea hatiye d\u00fbrxistin, di rew\u015fek k\u00fb li \u015f\u00fbna w\u00ea kod\u00ean desthilat\u00ea l\u00ea hat\u00ee serdest kirin k\u00fb bi \u00eexanet\u00ea re yeksan, wek\u00ee pol\u00eet\u00eek ji ber k\u00fb p\u00ea\u015fketinek pir mezin bi dest xistiye, di pol\u00eet\u00eekay\u00ea de ji ber k\u00fb r\u00eajeyek modern \u00fb \u015faristan\u00ee bi dest xistiye di derbarde wek\u00ee normal t\u00ea axaftin. L\u00eabel\u00ea di qada civak\u00ee ya k\u00fb pol\u00eet\u00eeka l\u00ea hey\u00ee, ti\u015fta derbasker berjewendiy\u00ean civak\u00ee ne; p\u00ea\u015fketin \u00fb nermb\u00fbna w\u00ea ya watey\u00ee \u00fb \u00e7\u00eaker\u00ee ye. Civak\u00ean b\u00ea pol\u00eet\u00eeka yan xwed\u00ee pol\u00eet\u00eekay\u00ean lewaz yan ji m\u00eat\u00eenger\u00ee \u00fb t\u00fbnekirina ji derv eve \u00fb m\u00eat\u00eengeriya desthilatek\u00ee yan j\u00ee ji hundir ve ji el\u00eeta desthilatek\u00ee \u00fb m\u00eat\u00eenger\u00ee \u00fb \u00e7ewisandina \u00e7\u00eenek m\u00eat\u00eenger rizgar nabin. Qenciya her\u00ee mezin ya li civakek\u00ee were kirin, gihandina w\u00ea ya asta civakek pol\u00eet\u00eek e. ya ba\u015ftir, gihandina w\u00ea ya demokrasiyek k\u00fb siyaseta w\u00ea ya demokrat\u00eek 24 demjim\u00earan bi berdewam \u00fb \u00e7\u00eaker\u00ee kar dike ye.<\/p>\n
Sedem\u00ea her\u00ee bingeh\u00een y\u00ea k\u00fb sistem\u00ean desthilatdar \u00fb p\u00eakhatey\u00ean dewletan bi berdewam\u00ee exlaq ser ve dibin \u00fb li \u015f\u00fbna w\u00ea ji jor ve pozberkirina v\u00eena h\u00fbq\u00fbq\u00ea ya yek al\u00ee (\u015f\u00eawaz\u00ea exlaq\u00ee y\u00ea serdestan) bi zerer dana r\u00eaveberiya xweser \u00fb pol\u00eet\u00eekay\u00ea, w\u00ea civak\u00ea bi berdewam\u00ee \u00fb \u00e7\u00eaker\u00ee an\u00eena beramber\u00ee m\u00eat\u00eenger\u00ee \u00fb r\u00eaveberiya desthilatdar ne\u00e7ar dike. Civakek k\u00fb exlaq\u00ea xwe bi h\u00eaz jiyan dike, z\u00fb bi z\u00fb li desthilat \u00fb m\u00eat\u00eenger\u00eey\u00ea ser\u00ee natew\u00eene. Ji bo civakek\u00ee rew\u015fa exlaq\u00ee ya her\u00ee ney\u00ean\u00ee, pa\u015f \u00fb pa\u015fver\u00fb j\u00ee ji qan\u00fbn \u00fb r\u00eaveberiy\u00ean her\u00ee p\u00ea\u015fver\u00fb y\u00ean dewlet \u00fb desth\u0131latiy\u00ea j\u00ee bi nirxtir e. li cih\u00ea k\u00fb civaka exlaq\u00ee \u00fb pol\u00eet\u00eek hey\u00ee, desthilat \u00fb qan\u00fbn ji ne p\u00eaw\u00eestiy\u00ea z\u00eadetir, di vegere rew\u015fa barek k\u00fb tehemm\u00fbl kirina w\u00ea j\u00ee pir zehmet. Ger civakek \u00e7end\u00een exlaq\u00ee \u00fb pol\u00eet\u00eek b\u00ea kirin, ew qas demokrat\u00eek, azad \u00fb wekhev, herwiha ji \u00eestismara yekdest\u00ean sermaye \u00fb el\u00eeta serdest girt\u00ee \u00fb xwe ragir dibe. Zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee y\u00ean k\u00fb ji l\u00eeberal\u00eezm\u00ea bi bandor pol\u00eet\u00eekay\u00ea dadixe asta demagojiy\u00ea\u00a0 \u00fb bi taybet\u00ee wek\u00ee materyal\u00ea demagojiya bingeh\u00een ya partiy\u00ean protot\u00eep\u00ee ya dewlet\u00ea, p\u00eanaseyan ten\u00ea li ser nave zanist \u00fb xirabiyek pir mezin k\u00fb ne \u00eexanetkar\u00ea zanist\u00ea, bi \u015f\u00eaweyek zanist\u00ee l\u00eestina rol\u00ea k\u00fb ji wan re hat\u00ee p\u00eanasekirin, ji m\u00eesyon\u00ean xizmetkirin\u00ea y\u00ea yekdestiy\u00ea m\u00eat\u00eenger\u00ee \u00fb desthilat\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fdetir t\u00ea.<\/p>\n
Dema k\u00fb potansiyela desthilat\u00ea \u015f\u00eenber bibe, dewletek ji r\u00eaz\u00ea \u00fb el\u00eet\u00ean k\u00fb li w\u00ea huk\u00fbm dikin \u00e7\u00eena m\u00eat\u00eengeriya civak\u00ee k\u00fb xwe disp\u00earin\u00ea (koledar, feudal, b\u00fbrj\u00fbva \u00fb hwd.)te\u015fk\u00eel dike. Hizir\u00eena desthilat\u00ea ya wek\u00ee potansiyela h\u00eazek\u00a0 hem f\u00eez\u00eek\u00ee hem j\u00ee entellekt\u00fbel j\u00ee gengaze. H\u00eamanek din ya gir\u00eeng k\u00fb xwe li civak\u00ea ferz, teqez \u00fb bi berdewam\u00ee p\u00eaw\u00eestiyeke pozber dike j\u00ee, xwe bi p\u00eaw\u00eestiya r\u00eaveberiya xwezay\u00ee ya civak\u00ee heman dike. Ji ber k\u00fb desthilat xwe bi buyerek ya r\u00eaveberiy\u00ea k\u00fb bi desthilat\u00ea ve wekhev dike j\u00eaneger dike. Dema k\u00fb civaka xwezay\u00ee ji r\u00eaveberiya xwe t\u00ea c\u00fbdakirin, t\u00ea d\u00eetin k\u00fb desthilat wek\u00ee xaneyek ya pence\u015f\u00ear\u00ea xwe berdide nava b\u00fbnyeya civak\u00ee.<\/p>\n
Di civak\u00ea de dive mirov pir li hesreta k\u00fb li desthilat\u00ea t\u00ea k\u00ea\u015fan bi baldar be. ev hesret \u00e7end\u00een belave be, ew qas despotgok\u00ean civak\u00ee t\u00fbre didin. Ev j\u00ee dibe sedem\u00ea ji bin\u00ee ve t\u00fbneb\u00fbna demokrasiy\u00ea. Despotiya k\u00fb nexwe\u015fiyek ya desthilat\u00ea ye, wek\u00ee k\u00fb di nim\u00fbney\u00ean t\u00eep\u00ea H\u00eetler de t\u00ea d\u00eetin dema k\u00fb b\u00ea kontrol were hi\u015ftin durinda w\u00ea ne z\u00eade d\u00fbre. Di d\u00eerok\u00ea de despotiya k\u00fb wek\u00ee r\u00eaveberiyek keyf\u00ee derket\u00ee \u00fb wek\u00ee xaney\u00ean fa\u015f\u00eezma civak\u00ee jiyankir\u00ee, di p\u00eavajoy\u00ean desthilata kap\u00eetal\u00eest de bi lez mezin dibin \u00fb li hem\u00fb \u00e7avik\u00ean civak\u00ee belav dibin \u00fb wek\u00ee r\u00eaveberiya h\u00eaza total\u00eeter ya civak\u00ea \u015f\u00eenber dibin. Bi \u015f\u00eaweb\u00fbna desthilat\u00ea bi \u015f\u00eawey\u00ea netew-dewlet bi rej\u00eema kap\u00eetal\u00eest-fa\u015f\u00eest peywend\u00eedare \u00fb rew\u015fa w\u00ea ya p\u00ea\u015feng rave dike. Demokras\u00ee di wateyek berfireh de wek\u00ee xwe bi r\u00eavebirina civak\u00ean k\u00fb dewlet \u00fb desthilatdar\u00ee nas nekir\u00ee di kare were p\u00eanase kirin. Xwe bi r\u00eavebirina girsey\u00ean wek klan, qeb\u00eele \u00fb e\u015f\u00eeran daxil\u00ea v\u00ea kategoriy\u00ea ne. di civak\u00ean k\u00fb diyardey\u00ean wek\u00ee desthilat \u00fb dewlet bi t\u00eer\u00ee jiyan kir\u00ee de nirxandina r\u00eaveberiy\u00ean xweser y\u00ean ji dervey\u00ee r\u00eaveberiya dewlet \u00fb desthilat\u00ea de dim\u00eenin, di dorp\u00ea\u00e7a demokrasiy\u00ea de gengaze. Di civak\u00ean bi dewlet de bi rew\u015fa xwer\u00fb ne demokras\u00ee ne j\u00ee r\u00eaveberiy\u00ean despot\u00eek derbasdar in.<\/p>\n
H\u00een z\u00eadetir diyardeya r\u00eaveberiya derbas\u00ee nava hev b\u00fby\u00ee mijara gotin\u00ea ye. Rizgarkirina demokrasiya civak\u00ee ji v\u00ea xapandin\u00ea bi p\u00ea\u015fxistina r\u00eaveberiy\u00ean xweser y\u00ean demokrat\u00eek gengaz e. b\u00eay\u00ee k\u00fb r\u00eaveberiy\u00ean xweser y\u00ean demokrat\u00eek bi desthilata dewlet\u00ea wekhev bikin, di bin nave d\u00eektatoriya gelpar\u00eaz \u00fb proleter de b\u00eay\u00ee k\u00fb ji r\u00ea derbixin p\u00ea\u015fxistin, di rew\u015fa modela her\u00ee n\u00eaz ya \u00e7areseriya rast de ye. \u00a0Ne li ser nav\u00ea gel dewletb\u00fbna w\u00ea ne j\u00ee b\u00fby\u00eena parekek h\u00easan ya dewlet\u00ea bingeh \u00fb c\u00fbdakariya r\u00eaveberiya xweser a demokrat\u00eek e. Bi r\u00eabazek ji dervey\u00ee v\u00ea riy\u00ea derbaskirina berovaj\u00eekariya demokrasiya liberal a rastgir \u00fb \u00e7epgir zehmet e. hesk\u00ee wek\u00ee demokrasiya liberal a klas\u00eek hesk\u00ee j\u00ee xwe wek\u00ee demokrasiya gel ya reel-sosyal\u00eest n\u00ee\u015fan bide, h\u00eaza bingeh\u00een ya l\u00eeberal\u00eezma yekdestiya dewlet\u00ea \u00fb aboriy\u00ea ne. erka k\u00fb dikeve li ser mile gel, ji d\u00eerok\u00ea ve bi h\u00eaz\u00ean \u015fari\u015ftan\u00ee li hember\u00ee h\u00eaz\u00ean modern\u00eeteya kap\u00eetal\u00eest ya di serdema me de avakirina h\u00eaz\u00ean modern\u00eeteya demokrat\u00eek e. Bi qas\u00ee k\u00fb bi r\u00fbxandina dewlet\u00ea armanc negirtina dewletb\u00fbn\u00ea, b\u00eay\u00ee k\u00fb dinava dewlet\u00ea de bi helin \u00fb bibin t\u00fbrey\u00ean w\u00ea y\u00ean siv\u00eel xwe di hem\u00fb qad\u00ean civak\u00ee de \u00e7\u00eakirin \u00fb watedar kirin rol\u00ea d\u00eerok\u00ee y\u00ea modern\u00eeteya demokrat\u00eek e.<\/p>\n
Di diyardeya r\u00eaveberiya civak\u00ee de c\u00fbdahiya di navbera \u015f\u00eawaz\u00ean desthilatpar\u00eaz \u00fb xweseriya demokratik ya \u00e7areserkirina pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean bingeh\u00een y\u00ean civak\u00ee de xwed\u00ee gir\u00eengiyek m\u00eesoger e. heya k\u00fb ciyewaziy\u00ean bi kok y\u00ean di navbera parad\u00eegmay\u00ean her d\u00fb r\u00eaveberiyan de ney\u00ea tehk\u00eetkirin, b\u00ea erk may\u00eena hem\u00fb \u00e7areseriy\u00ean k\u00fb werin p\u00ea\u015fxistin, m\u00eesoger e. heya k\u00fb r\u00eaveberiy\u00ean civak\u00ee xwe bi xwe bi awayek azad tay\u00een nekin, hem\u00fb pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean din w\u00ea di kerta daw\u00ee de w\u00ea li rast\u00ee b\u00ea\u00e7areseriya r\u00eaveberiy\u00ea bi aliqe \u00fb vala derbikeve, hetta w\u00ea girantirb\u00fbna pirsgir\u00eakan j\u00ee bi xwe re b\u00eane. Ger k\u00fb p\u00eaw\u00eest be em nim\u00fbneyek\u00ee d\u00eerok\u00ee bidin, n\u00eaz\u00eekb\u00fbna d\u00eektator\u00eeya desthilatpar\u00eaz\u00ee li hember diyardeya r\u00eaveber\u00eey\u00ea di iflasa tecr\u00fbbeya Sovyet\u2019\u00ea de rolek diyar ley\u00eestiye.<\/p>\n
Di bingeh\u00ea \u015fore\u015f\u00ean binket\u00ee de j\u00ee heman diyarde ve\u015fartiye. Ev \u015fore\u015fane wek\u00ee encama nekar\u00eena c\u00fbdab\u00fbna ji hizr\u00ea r\u00eaveberiya desthilatdar de yan bi desthilatdarb\u00fbn\u00ea p\u00eespaye b\u00fbne yan j\u00ee diyardeya r\u00eaveberiy\u00ea ji bin\u00ee ve d\u00fbrkirin\u00ea berbi anar\u015f\u00eezma takekes\u00ee ve tehis\u00eene \u00fb binketin e. pirsgir\u00eaka civak\u00ee de diyardeya r\u00eaveber\u00ee li rast\u00ee destav\u00eatina desthilata hiyerar\u015f\u00eek \u00fb dewletpar\u00eaz hatiye. Heya k\u00fb diyardeya r\u00eaveber\u00ee li rast\u00ee destav\u00eatin\u00ea ne hat\u00ee, sews \u00fb ji r\u00ea derneket\u00ee ji ber k\u00fb \u00e7ewisandin \u00fb m\u00eat\u00eenger\u00ee nikare saz\u00fbman bibe, ev diyardeyane yan p\u00eaknay\u00ean yan j\u00ee nikarin ji demk\u00ee b\u00fbn\u00ea rizgar bibin. Bi qas\u00ee k\u00fb destdan\u00eena li ser r\u00eaveber\u00ee p\u00eakney\u00ea, li ser civakan mekan\u00eezmay\u00ean m\u00eat\u00eenger\u00ee \u00fb \u00e7ewisandina berfireh t\u00ean avakirin. Bi v\u00ee away\u00ee j\u00ee wek\u00ee veb\u00fbna qot\u00eeya Pandora\u2019y\u00ea hem\u00fb diyardey\u00ean civak\u00ee dinava pirsgir\u00eakan de dim\u00eenin.<\/p>\n
Rasteka xwezay\u00ee ya civak\u00ee k\u00fb bi r\u00eaveberiya Hiyerar\u015f\u00eek xiradibe, li ser z\u00eadeb\u00fbna pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean k\u00fb ji xwezay\u00ea derket\u00een w\u00ea bi pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean civak\u00ee re r\u00fb bi r\u00fb bim\u00eenin. Pirsgir\u00eak w\u00ea di \u00e7anda madd\u00ee \u00fb manew\u00ee ya civak\u00ea de her k\u00fb bi\u00e7e girantir bibe. Pev\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ean k\u00fb dinavbera klan \u00fb qeb\u00eeleyan de dijwar b\u00fby\u00een \u00e7\u00eakera bi pirsgir\u00eak destn\u00ee\u015fan dikin. Di c\u00eehana z\u00eahniyet\u00ea de hizr\u00ean m\u00eetoloj\u00eek y\u00ean bi goman \u00fb di rastiya t\u00eageh\u00ean k\u00fb derket\u00een hol\u00ea de pirsgir\u00eaka civak\u00ee rave dikin. Tevay\u00ea van diyardeyan em dikarin ji civaka Sumeran bi awayek ber\u00e7av, \u00e7avd\u00ear bikin. \u015eer\u00ea di navbera xwidawendan de, di rastiya xwe de \u015fer\u00ea berjewendiy\u00ea y\u00ea dinavbera xanedan\u00ean hiyerar\u015f\u00eek \u00fb r\u00eaveber\u00ean bajar-dewlet de bilind b\u00fby\u00ee de rave dike. Di navbera sal\u00ean B.Z. 5000-3000\u2019\u00ea de li Mezopotamya j\u00ear\u00een de h\u00een pa\u015fdetir w\u00ea protot\u00eepa pev\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ean desthilatdar\u00ee, yekdest\u00ean m\u00eat\u00eenger\u00ee, nakokiy\u00ean bajar-\u00e7ol (hov), \u00a0\u00fb pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean civak\u00ee y\u00ean pev\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ean bi kok k\u00fb bingeh\u00ea lihev nekirina \u00e7inan e p\u00eakhatiba. Hem\u00fb \u015f\u00eawaz\u00ean nim\u00fbney\u00ean destp\u00eak\u00ea y\u00ean lihevkirin \u00fb pev\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ean civak\u00ee y\u00ean dewlet\u00ea, \u00e7\u00een\u00ea, \u015fer\u00ea navbajar \u00fb dervey\u00ee bajar, a\u015fitiyan k\u00fb pi\u015ftre derket\u00een li vir t\u00ean ceribandin.<\/p>\n
Li gor\u00ee k\u00fb y\u00ea ji p\u00eavajoy\u00ea serket\u00ee r\u00eaveberiya desthilatdare j\u00ee, civak\u00ea \u00e7i car\u00ee dest ji daxwaza r\u00eaveberiya xweser bernedaye, li hember\u00ee r\u00eaveberiya desthilatdar tim daxwaza xwe ya r\u00eaveberiya xweser bilind kiriye. Her wiha k\u00fb, di cewher\u00ea qeb\u00eele \u00fb e\u015f\u00eeran y\u00ean k\u00fb \u015f\u00eawaz\u00ean her\u00ee belave y\u00ean civak\u00ea y\u00ean d\u00eerok\u00eene de j\u00ee\u00a0 r\u00eaveberiya xweser jiyan kirine; li \u015f\u00fbna k\u00fb ser\u00ee li hember r\u00eaveberiy\u00ean desthilatdar\u00ean biyan\u00ee bi tew\u00eenin tim li \u00e7iya, \u00e7ol \u00fb zozanan wek\u00ee kom\u00ean ko\u00e7er jiyankirin\u00ea bijartine. Heya daw\u00ee komkujiyan re derbasb\u00fbn dane ber \u00e7av\u00ea xwe, l\u00eabel\u00ea ji maf\u00ea xwe y\u00ea r\u00eaveberiya xweser k\u00fb maf\u00ea her\u00ee xwezay\u00ee y\u00ea civak\u00ea ye ne geriyan e. qeb\u00eele \u00fb e\u015f\u00eer bi zaneb\u00fbna k\u00fb dest j\u00ea berdana r\u00eaveberiya xweser ji destdana nasname \u00fb koleb\u00fbn\u00ea ye jiyan dikirin. Diyardeya k\u00fb digot berxwedana hovan ya li hember bajaran, di cewher\u00ea xwe de destj\u00eabernedana qeb\u00eeleyan ya ji r\u00eaveberiya xweser \u00fb \u015fer\u00ea parastina nasnamey\u00ea ye. \u00c7avd\u00ear\u00ee kirina v\u00ea diyardey\u00ea ya heya roja me ya \u00eero gengaz e. \u00ear\u00ee\u015f \u00fb berxwedan\u00ean qeb\u00eeley\u00ean \u00e7\u00f6l\u00ea y\u00ean k\u00fb ji Rojava hat\u00ee k\u00fb ji wan re Aram\u00eet (qeb\u00eeley\u00ean proto y\u00ean Ereb), ji Bak\u00fbr \u00fb Rojhilat ve Hurr\u00ee (qeb\u00eeley\u00ean proto Kurd) di tablet\u00ea Sumer\u00ee de bi \u015f\u00eawey\u00ea ravey\u00ean \u015few\u015f bi \u015f\u00eawey\u00ea destan\u00ee hatine \u015f\u00eerovekirin.<\/p>\n
Di p\u00eavajoy\u00ean qewm, netew yanj\u00ee gelb\u00fbna civak\u00ean qeb\u00eele \u00fb e\u015f\u00eeran fr pirsgir\u00eaka r\u00eaveberiya xweser xwe wek\u00ee demokras\u00ee (k\u00fb bi Y\u00fbnan\u00ee t\u00ea wateya \u201cr\u00eavebirina gel ya ji aliy\u00ea xwe ve\u201d) \u015f\u00eenber dibe. P\u00eaw\u00eeste em demokrasiy\u00ea bi d\u00fb wesf\u00ean w\u00ea y\u00ean gir\u00eeng p\u00eanase bikin: yekem, saz\u00eeb\u00fbna desthilat\u00ea ya li ser gel, dijberb\u00fbna dewletb\u00fbn\u00ea digre nava xwe. Ya d\u00fbwem, may\u00eena civaka kevne\u015fop ya li ser r\u00eaveberiya xweser h\u00een tevl\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea gur dike, \u00e7anda n\u00eeqa\u015f \u00fb civ\u00eenan saz\u00fbman dike, bi avakirina protot\u00eepa parlementoy\u00ea qay\u00eemtir dike. R\u00eaveberiya xweser, wek\u00ee otonom\u00eeya demokrat\u00eek be\u015fdariya hem\u00fb yek\u00eeney\u00ean civak\u00ea y\u00ean peywend\u00eedar p\u00eakt\u00eane \u00fb saz\u00fbman dike.<\/p>\n
Di v\u00ea mijar\u00ea de j\u00ee nim\u00fbneya d\u00eerok\u00ee ya wek\u00ee \u015few\u015f \u00fb bi \u015fopandina belgey\u00ean niv\u00eesk\u00ee em dikarin di demokrasiya At\u00eena\u2019y\u00ea de bib\u00eenin. Ji ber k\u00fb demokrasiya At\u00eena\u2019y\u00ea koledar\u00ee nekariye derbas bike em nikarin tam b\u00eajin demokras\u00ee ye, l\u00eabel\u00ea ji ber k\u00fb dewletb\u00fbna wek\u00ee di nim\u00fbneya Sparta\u2019y\u00ea de ne pejirandiye j\u00ee wek\u00ee dewlet nay\u00ea hesibandin. Ev nim\u00fbneya \u015few\u015f ya ji demokrasiy\u00ea derbasb\u00fbna dewlet\u00ea, di derheq\u00ea demokrasiya rast de roja me ya \u00eero j\u00ee gelek dersan dide. Demokrasiya raste rast, diyarb\u00fbna r\u00eaveberiy\u00ea ya bi hilbijartin\u00ean salane \u00fb \u00e7i aliy\u00ea serdest y\u00ea kes\u00ean hat\u00ee hilbijartin ney\u00ee, diyardeya r\u00eaveberiy\u00ea ya di bin fermana demokrasiy\u00ea de, be\u015fdarb\u00fbna hemwelatiyan ya n\u00eeqa\u015f\u00ean pol\u00eet\u00eek \u00fb bi v\u00ee away\u00ee \u00e7anda civ\u00eenan ya k\u00fb perwerd\u00ea p\u00eakt\u00eane, ew nirx\u00ean k\u00fb ji demokrasiya At\u00eena\u2019y\u00ea heya roja me ya \u00eero m\u00eerat may\u00een e.<\/p>\n
B\u00ea goman, ti\u015fta k\u00fb b\u00ea h\u00eajmar civak\u00ean din j\u00ee jiyan kir\u00een y\u00ean k\u00fb nehat\u00een niv\u00ees\u00een j\u00ee \u00e7anda demokrasiya heman e. Bi kurtah\u00ee ceribandin\u00ean d\u00eerok\u00ee y\u00ean em hewil didin nim\u00fbne bikin, belav b\u00fbn \u00fb c\u00fbdahiya diyardeya r\u00eaveberiya xweser \u00fb demokrasiy\u00ea derdixin hol\u00ea. Wek\u00ee \u015f\u00eawaz\u00ea r\u00eaveberiyek k\u00fb desthilatdar nabe, bi v\u00ee away\u00ee r\u00ea li ber pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean civak\u00ee neveke, fersend\u00ea nade derketina \u00e7ewis\u00een \u00fb m\u00eat\u00eengeriy\u00ea xwe \u00eespat dike. Van wesf\u00ean bingeh\u00een y\u00ean demokras\u00ee \u00fb xweseriya demokrat\u00eek, li hember\u00ee p\u00eespayey\u00ean r\u00eaveberiya desthilatdar tim m\u00eesoger kirin \u00fb ji van wesfan destbernedan xwed\u00ee gir\u00eengiyek\u00ee mezine. Xirabiya her\u00ee mezin ewe k\u00fb demokrasiy\u00ea bikin qilif\u00ea me\u015fr\u00fb\u00eeyeta dewlet yan desthilat\u00ea. P\u00eaw\u00eeste demokras\u00ee qet bi desthilat \u00fb dewlet\u00ea ve ney\u00ea yeksan girtin. T\u00eakilhevkirinek bi v\u00ee away\u00ee bi qas\u00ee k\u00fb qet \u00e7areser\u00ee ji bo pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean civak\u00ee nab\u00eene, dibe sedem\u00ea mezinb\u00fbna wan j\u00ee. Demokrasiy\u00ean k\u00fb tim zanista pol\u00eet\u00eek \u00fb hestdariya exlaq\u00ee zind\u00ee digrin, qad\u00ean rasteq\u00een y\u00ean \u00e7areseriy\u00ean pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean k\u00fb ji dewlet \u00fb desthilat\u00ea derdikevin in. Bi qas\u00ee demokrasiy\u00ea \u00e7i rej\u00eem\u00ean din n\u00eenin k\u00fb pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean civak\u00ee b\u00eay\u00ee k\u00fb ser\u00ee li \u015fer bidin bi k\u00earhatin\u00ean\u00a0 \u00e7areseriy\u00ea \u00e7areser bikin. Demokras\u00ee ten\u00ea dema k\u00fb aramiya civak\u00ea ji aliy\u00ea dewlet \u00fb desthilat\u00ea ve bi metirsiy\u00ean mirin\u00ee li ser p\u00eak were bi co\u015f \u015fer dikin \u00fb z\u00fb bi z\u00fb bin nakevin.<\/p>\n
Di serdema modern\u00eeteya kap\u00eetal\u00eest de metirsiya her\u00ee mezin ya li ser demokras\u00ee \u00fb r\u00eaveberiy\u00ean xweser ji desthilat\u00ean netew-dewletpar\u00eaz t\u00ean. Piraniya netew-dewlet\u00ean demokrasiy\u00ea ji bo xwe dikin qilif, bi p\u00eakan\u00eena navend\u00eeb\u00fbna her\u00ee tund, maf\u00ea r\u00eaveberiya xweser ya civak\u00ea bi temam\u00ee ji hol\u00ea radike. Hegemonya \u00eedeoloj\u00eek ya liberal v\u00ea wesf\u00ea netew-dewlet\u00ea ya dij demokras\u00ee wek\u00ee \u201ctaybetmendiy\u00ea serdema demokrat\u00eek\u201d dixwazin bidin pejirandin, \u015fer\u00eena demokrasiy\u00ea ya netew-dewlet\u00ee re dib\u00eajin serkeftina rej\u00eema demokrat\u00eek. Pirsgir\u00eaka rasteq\u00een ya demokrasiyan li hember modern\u00eeteya kap\u00eetal\u00eest c\u00fbdahiya xwe derxistina hole, j\u00ea negerana taybetmendiy\u00ea xwe y\u00ea ber\u015fdarvan \u00fb berdewamxwaze. Desthilat \u00fb hegemonya dewlet\u00ea heya k\u00fb ney\u00ea pozber kirin, \u00e7i pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean civak\u00ee y\u00ean demokras\u00ee nekare \u00e7areser bike n\u00eene.<\/p>\n
Hewildana \u00e7areserkirina pirsgir\u00eaka desthilat \u00fb dewlet\u00ea ya Civaknasiya reel bi \u015f\u00eawey\u00ea p\u00eakhateya desthilat \u00fb dewlet\u00ea sedem\u00ea her\u00ee bingeh\u00een ya iflasa w\u00ea ye. Civaknasiya reel qet hesap nekiriye k\u00fb desthilatdar\u00ee \u00fb dewlet sermayeyek komb\u00fby\u00ee ye, her k\u00fb evane erk bigrin w\u00ea bi sermaye \u00fb kap\u00eetal\u00eezm\u00ea encam bibin, di v\u00ea mijar\u00ea de korb\u00fbnek teor\u00eek ya cidd\u00ee jiyan kiriye. Dema k\u00fb di hizir\u00een netew-dewletiya navend\u00ee we ji nim\u00fbney\u00ean xwe y\u00ean liberal a klas\u00eek qat bi qat mezin bibe \u00fb bigihe kom\u00fbn\u00eezm\u00ea, bi p\u00eakhateya her\u00ee d\u00fbrinde ya kap\u00eetal\u00eest re r\u00fb bi r\u00fb mane. P\u00eaknehatina sosyal\u00eezm\u00ea b\u00eay\u00ee demokras\u00ee, b\u00fbye encama her\u00ee gir\u00eeng ya ceribandin\u00ean sosyal\u00eezma reel. Civaka siv\u00eel ya di roja me de belave b\u00fby\u00ee, maf\u00ea mirov \u00fb k\u00eamnetewan, pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean r\u00eaveberiy\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee \u00fb hem\u00fb pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean netewey\u00ee y\u00ean demokras\u00ee \u00fb r\u00eaveberiy\u00ean xweser ji \u00e7ewisandina netew-dewletiya navend\u00ee derketiye, jibo \u00e7areseriya van pirsgir\u00eakan j\u00ee ten\u00ea bi ser re derbaskirina zem\u00een\u00ea destdana ser ya maf\u00ea k\u00fb netew-dewlet\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fxistiye gengaze.<\/p>\n
\u00c7i karakter\u00ea federal y\u00ea DYE, \u00e7i y\u00ea YE\u2019ya k\u00fb xwe bi nirx\u00ean demokrat\u00eek y\u00ean k\u00eam bi k\u00eam j\u00ee be ji n\u00fb ve dide civaka siv\u00eel, kes \u00fb k\u00eamenetewan \u00fb r\u00eaveberiy\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee de veguheztin p\u00ea\u015fxist\u00ee, n\u00ee\u015fan dike k\u00fb teor\u00ee \u00fb takt\u00eek\u00ean netew-dewlet y\u00ean s\u00eased sal\u00ee \u00e7erx kiriye. Jiber k\u00fb ev p\u00eavajoya sed sal\u00ee, r\u00ea li ber \u015fer, talan, m\u00eat\u00eenger\u00ee, komkuj\u00ee \u00fb as\u00eem\u00eelasyon\u00ean di \u00e7i dem\u00ea d\u00eerok\u00ea de nehat\u00ee d\u00eetin vekiriye. Nim\u00fbneya YE, s\u00eenordar j\u00ee be gavek d\u00eerok\u00ee ya vegera ji bo demokras\u00eey\u00ea. Herwek\u00fb di nim\u00fbneya netew-dewlet\u00ea de t\u00ea d\u00eetin, ev modela k\u00fb ji demokrasiy\u00ea re destday\u00ee her k\u00fb di\u00e7e ji aliy\u00ea gel \u00fb dewlet\u00ean c\u00eehan\u00ea ve bi zor\u00ee were parvekirin e. l\u00ea bel\u00ea diyar dibe k\u00fb demokrasiya esl\u00ee ya rad\u00eekal w\u00ea li parzem\u00een\u00ean din y\u00ean c\u00eehan\u00ea p\u00eakwerin. Tecr\u00fbbeya Amer\u00eeka Lat\u00een, n\u00eaz\u00eekatiy\u00ean dewlet\u00ean sosyal\u00eest \u00ean reel y\u00ean kevin, rastiy\u00ean Hindistan hetta y\u00ean Efr\u00eeqa giringiya demokrat\u00eekb\u00fbn\u00ea her roja k\u00fb dibore z\u00eadetir derdixe hol\u00ea, zextan dike k\u00fb p\u00ea\u015fketin dive bi v\u00ee away\u00ee be.<\/p>\n
Parvekirina r\u00eaveberiy\u00ea di navbera h\u00eaz\u00ean demokrat\u00eek y\u00ean civak\u00ea \u00fb dewlet yanj\u00ee hikumet\u00ea de bi makezagonan t\u00ea diyar kirin. Weke k\u00fb bi qas\u00ee r\u00eaveberiya teqez a dewlet\u00ea demoqrasiyek teqez daxwaz kirin j\u00ee ne ji rastiy\u00ea b\u00fb, li dij\u00ee ruh\u00ea \u00e7areseriy\u00ea j\u00ee bu.Vegera netew-dewlet \u00ea ya di aliy\u00ea ba\u015f de t\u00eakiliya xwe ji n\u00eaz ve bi hem\u00fb demokrat\u00eekbun, r\u00eaveberiy\u00ean xweser y\u00ean demokrat\u00eek, avakirina netewa demokrat\u00eek, demokrasiya her\u00eam\u00ee \u00fb \u00e7anda demokrasiy\u00ea di hem\u00fb qadan de p\u00ea\u015fxistin\u00ea ve heye.<\/p>\n
Netewa demokrat\u00eek ne ten\u00ea q\u00eema xwe bi hevkariya zihniyet \u00fb \u00e7and\u00ea t\u00eene, netewe k\u00fb hem\u00fb endam\u00ean xwe di qurum\u00ean xweser \u00fb demoqrat\u00eek de di gih\u00eene hev \u00fb bi r\u00eave dibe. Aliy\u00ea w\u00ea y\u00ea diyarker eve. Tarz\u00ea r\u00eaveberiya xweser \u00fb demokrat\u00eek \u015fert\u00ea destp\u00eak\u00ea y\u00ea buy\u00eena netewa demokrat\u00eek e. bi v\u00ea aliy\u00ea xwe ve alternat\u00eefa netew-dewlet\u00ea ye. Li \u015funa r\u00eaveberiya dewlet\u00ea r\u00eaveberiya demokrat\u00eek destkeftiyeke mezin y\u00ea azad\u00ee \u00fb wekheviy\u00ea ye. Sosyolojiya liberal(azad), bi dewleteke k\u00fb netewa w\u00ee yan hatiye ava kirin yan j\u00ee tevgereke k\u00fb avakirina dewlet\u00ea ji xwe re kiriye arman\u00e7 re hemane. Vebijarka nujen ya netewa demokrat\u00eek modern\u00eeteya demokrat\u00eeke. Ekonomiya k\u00fb ji gemerd\u00ear\u00ee(tekelb\u00fbn\u00ea) y\u00ea rizgar buy\u00ee, ekolojiya k\u00fb t\u00ea wateya bi howirdor re li hevkir\u00ee, teknolojiya k\u00fb heval\u00ea xweza \u00fb mirove bingeh\u00ea saz\u00eeb\u00fbna moderniteya demokrat\u00eek \u00fb di heman dem\u00ea de ya netewa demokrat\u00eeke.<\/p>\n
KCK, ji bo ev rastiya d\u00eerok\u00ee \u00fb civak\u00ee derkeve zanab\u00fbn\u00ea \u00fb di encama famkirina k\u00fb netew-dewlet xefikek ya kap\u00eetal\u00eezm\u00ea ye, ji aliy\u00ea PKK\u2019\u00ea ve weke s\u00eestema r\u00eaveberiya gel bi xwe hatiye ragihandin. KCK li hember netew-dewlet\u00ea ne netew-dewleta Kurda ne. Weke r\u00eagez v\u00eaya red dike. \u00c7i dibin siya netew-dewletek(ger k\u00fb gir\u00eadanbuy\u00eena xwe ya bi demokrasiy\u00ea re di pejir\u00eene)de, \u00e7i j\u00ee bi serbixwe, desthilatdariya k\u00fb Gel\u00ea Kurd bi pejir\u00eene w\u00ea r\u00eaveberiya xweser a demokrat\u00eek ya gel bi xwe be. KCK para v\u00ea model\u00ea ya k\u00fb di gihe Kurdan e. Bi kurtas\u00ee wergera w\u00ea ya Tirk\u00ee t\u00ea wateya demokrat\u00eekb\u00fbna civak\u00ea. Weke system t\u00ea wateya b\u00eay\u00ee k\u00fb bi kevin \u015foven\u00eezma netew\u00ea, \u015fer\u00ea s\u00eenoran, b\u00eerokrasiy\u00ea, netewperest\u00ee \u00fb netew-dewlet\u00ea, t\u00ea wateya bi hevbe\u015f\u00ee \u00fb dildar\u00ee ava kirina r\u00eaveberiya xwe. Ten\u00ea bi \u015fert\u00ea k\u00fb r\u00eaveberiya xweser \u00fb demokrat\u00eek ya wan b\u00ea nas kirin de w\u00ea di bin siwana netew-dewletan de jiyan kirin\u00ea bi pejir\u00eenin. Di heman dem\u00ea de ev tarz\u00ea jiyan\u00ea nay\u00ea wateya k\u00fb dewlet li ser bingeh\u00ea federal yan j\u00ee konfederal were saz kirin. Li ser van bingehan bi dewlet\u00ea re nay\u00ea li hev kirin. Li ser bingeh\u00ea naskirina r\u00eaveberiya xweser a demokrat\u00eek ya civak\u00ea di\u00e7e\u2018li hevkirina mekazagona demokrat\u00eek\u2019.<\/p>\n
Di bingeh de xweseriya demokrat\u00eek t\u00ea wateya kesayet\u00ean\u00a0 k\u00fb heman hi\u015fmendiy\u00ea parve dikin \u00fb civak\u00ean k\u00fb xwe bi v\u00eena xwe ya cewher\u00ee bi r\u00eave dibin. Mirov di kare ji v\u00eare bi b\u00eaje r\u00eaveberiya demokrat\u00eek yan j\u00ee desthilatdariya demokrat\u00eek j\u00ee. P\u00eanaseyeke ji gerd\u00fbn\u00ea re vekiriye. \u015eekl\u00ea pol\u00eet\u00eek y\u00ea netewa demokrat\u00eek a KCK\u2019\u00ea weke t\u00eageha xweseriya demokrat\u00eek rave kirin j\u00ee gengaze. Netewa demokrat\u00eek b\u00eay\u00ee r\u00eaveberiy\u00ean cewher\u00ee(xweser) nay\u00ea fikir\u00een. Di gi\u015ft\u00ee de hem\u00fb \u015fekl\u00ean netewan, di taybet de j\u00ee netewa demokrat\u00eek hey\u00eena civak\u00ean k\u00fb r\u00eaveberiy\u00ean wan y\u00ean cewher\u00ee(xweser) hey\u00ee ye. Ger k\u00fb civakek ji r\u00eaveberiya xwe ya xweser(cewher\u00ee) b\u00ea par were hi\u015ftin di heman dem\u00ea de ji netewb\u00fbn\u00ea j\u00ee der di keve.<\/p>\n
Di rastiya civaka hemdem de netewa b\u00ea r\u00eaveber\u00ee nay\u00ea fikir\u00een. Heta netew\u00ean dagirker j\u00ee, ji kok\u00ean biyan\u00ee werin j\u00ee, r\u00eaveberiyek ya wan peyda dibe. L\u00ea bel\u00ea qala r\u00eaveberiya civak\u00ean k\u00fb di p\u00eavajoya belavb\u00fbn\u00ea dene nay\u00ea kirin. Hebe nebe h\u00eaza k\u00fb wan belav dike bi konrtol belav bike yan j\u00ee r\u00eaveberiya tasfiy\u00ea(tunekirin\u00ea) k\u00fb belav\u00ee p\u00eavajoy\u00ea dike dibe mijara gotin\u00ea. Bi taybet\u00ee karakter\u00ea netew-dewlet\u00ea k\u00fb pirsgir\u00eakan bi xwe re t\u00eene di roja me de civak\u00ean pol\u00eet\u00eek \u00fb h\u00eaz\u00ean wan y\u00ean r\u00eaveberiy\u00ea ber bi netewa demokrat\u00eek ve t\u00eaxe tevger\u00ea, yan bi guhertin\u00ea(reform) yan j\u00ee bi \u015fore\u015f\u00ea wan mecb\u00fbr\u00ee netewa demokrat\u00eek dike.<\/p>\n
Pirsgir\u00eaka KCK\u2019\u00ea ya li cem netew-dewlet\u00ean serwer me\u015fr\u00fb b\u00fby\u00een\u00ea heye. Her \u00e7iqas p\u00ea\u015fengtiy\u00ea dabe xebat\u00ean legal(qan\u00fbn\u00ee) j\u00ee, netew-dewleta k\u00fb v\u00ea na pejir\u00eene di Kurdistan\u2019\u00ea de r\u00ea li ber du desthilatdar\u00ee \u00fb r\u00eaveberiy\u00ea ve dike. Diyare k\u00fb r\u00eaveberiya dewlet\u00ea \u00fb r\u00eaveberiya KCK\u2019\u00ea di heman ax\u00ea de derbazker n\u00ee\u015fandan w\u00ea r\u00ea li ber ne rehet\u00ee \u00fb pev\u00e7\u00fbnan veke. Ger k\u00fb p\u00ea\u015fniyar\u00ean ji bo legalbuy\u00een, qan\u00fbn\u00eebuy\u00een\u00ea k\u00fb\u00a0\u00a0 ji dewlet\u00ean t\u00eakildar\u00a0 hatin xwastin bersivek er\u00ean\u00ee wer negirin, berovaj\u00ee eger ser\u00ee li girtin, \u015fopandin \u00fb tundiy\u00ea were day\u00een, xuyaye k\u00fb w\u00ea KCK j\u00ee ji desthilatdar\u00ee \u00fb r\u00eaveberiya xwe bi \u015f\u00eawey\u00ea yek al\u00ee xistina meriyet\u00ea xwe nede pa\u015f. Ji 2005\u2019an dema k\u00fb KCK hat\u00ee ava kirin ve bi netew-dewlet\u00ean k\u00fb t\u00eakildar re heta niha raste rast yan j\u00ee berfireh n\u00eeqa\u015f\u00ean k\u00fb hat\u00een kirin tu encam ne girtine. Di rew\u015fa k\u00fb n\u00eeqa\u015fan t\u00fb encam\u00ean er\u00ean\u00ee nedin de, di p\u00eavajoya p\u00ea\u015fiya me de w\u00ea di Kurdistan\u2019\u00ea de xwe weke civaka Kurd, gel\u00ean din \u00ean k\u00fb p\u00eare jiyan dikin \u00fb girsey\u00ean din de h\u00eaza r\u00eaveber\u00ee \u00fb desthilatdariya KCK\u2019\u00ea di yek al\u00ee de xistina meriyet\u00ea w\u00ea rew\u015feke k\u00fb j\u00ea nay\u00ea revandin be.\u00a0 Ger weke KCK bi yek al\u00ee ve netewa demokrat\u00eek bi hem\u00fb rew\u015fa xwe ve b\u00eaxe meriyet\u00ea, w\u00ea serdemeke nu bide destp\u00ea kirin. W\u00ea ev dem ji dema k\u00fb PKK xwe dida avakirin \u00fb dixwast \u015fer\u00ea gel y\u00ea \u015fore\u015fger\u00ee p\u00ea\u015fb\u00eaxe gelek c\u00fbdatir be. W\u00ea di v\u00ee dem\u00ee de ten\u00ea part\u00ee \u00fb r\u00eaveberiya \u015fer nebe mijara gotin\u00ea. D\u00eesa li gel xebat \u00fb \u015fer\u00ea parastin\u00ea y\u00ea PKK \u00fb HPG \u00ea , di v\u00ee dem\u00ee de erka her\u00ee gir\u00eeng w\u00ea ava kirin \u00fb r\u00eavebirina netewa demokrat\u00eek bi hem\u00fb rew\u015fa xwe ve be. Vekiriye k\u00fb w\u00ea di v\u00ee dem\u00ee de di bin \u015fert\u00ean n\u00fb de di navbera saziy\u00ean netew-dewlet bi h\u00eaz\u00ean xwe ve \u00fb saz\u00ee \u00fb h\u00eaz\u00ean KCK\u2019\u00ea de dijbert\u00ee, ki\u015fki\u015f\u00een \u00fb pev\u00e7\u00fbn werin jiyan kirin. W\u00ea di bajar \u00fb qad\u00ean \u00e7iyay\u00ee de desthilat\u00ee \u00fb r\u00eaveberiy\u00ean c\u00fbda mijara gotin\u00eabin. Eger k\u00fb KCK di li hevkirina k\u00fb p\u00ea\u015fengtiy\u00ea didiy\u00ea k\u00fb xwe digih\u00eene netewa demokrat\u00eek \u00fb statuya w\u00ea xweseriya demokrat\u00eeke \u00e7areseriya qan\u00fbn\u00ee serkeft\u00ee nebe, w\u00ea derbaz\u00ee r\u00eaya duwem k\u00fb ji xwe re weke destp\u00eak daye n\u00ee\u015fandan ango\u00a0 r\u00eaveberiya xweseriya demokrat\u00eek ya yek al\u00ee bibe. W\u00ea di Kurdistan\u2019\u00ea de r\u00eaveberiya xweseriya demokrat\u00eek nebe r\u00eabez\u00ea qan\u00fbna netew-dewlet, di aliy\u00ea cih\u00ee \u00fb her\u00eam\u00ee de r\u00eaveberiya modern\u00eeteya demokrat\u00eek be.<\/p>\n
S\u00eestema \u015faristaniya navend\u00ee ya Rojhilata Nav\u00een, di demek k\u00fb 5 hezar sal debaz kir\u00ee de li ser diyalekt\u00eeka v\u00ee bingeh\u00ea her tim xwe kirina navend re ji v\u00eatengezariy\u00ea derxistiye. Her p\u00eavajoya ki\u015fki\u015f\u00een \u00fb pev\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea bi desthilatdariya navend\u00ee k\u00fb her di\u00e7e mezin dibe re bi encam b\u00fb. Ji xwe encama v\u00eaye k\u00fb her kariye bibe s\u00eestema \u015faristaniya navend\u00ee. Navend\u00eebuy\u00eena k\u00fb z\u00eade dibe ne di encama windakirina h\u00eaz\u00ea ya desthilatdariy\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee de \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbne. Bi gi\u015ft\u00ee bi dest dan\u00eena li ser maf\u00ea civakan y\u00ean r\u00eaveberiy\u00ean cewher\u00ee, \u00e7i y\u00ean k\u00fb di navenda wan de \u00e7i j\u00ee y\u00ean li derdora wan \u00fb her tim bi destwerdana malbat \u00fb qeb\u00eeley\u00ean li derdora wan k\u00fb xwed\u00ee jiyaneke xwezay\u00ee ya demokrat\u00eekin, bi standina maf\u00ea wan y\u00ea r\u00eaveberiya cewher\u00ee ji dest\u00ea wan \u00fb bi xwe ve gir\u00eadan\u00ea navenda desthilatdar bi h\u00eaz kiriye. \u00c7i desthilatdariya hegemon\u00eek \u00e7i j\u00ee r\u00eaveberiy\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee tim bi jiyan kirina \u015f\u00eawaz\u00ea komunal y\u00ea kevneperest\u00ea xwezay\u00ee qeb\u00eele, e\u015f\u00eer,gund \u00fb heta r\u00eaveberiy\u00ean cewher\u00ee y\u00ean bajaran pa\u015fde dane yan j\u00ee di berd\u00eala r\u00fbxandina wan de p\u00eakhatiye.<\/p>\n
Sp\u00eenoza, di b\u00eaje k\u00fb \u201cdi nava hem\u00fb zanist\u00ean bi karin werin p\u00eakan\u00een \u00fb teoriy\u00ean p\u00eak werin de zanista her\u00ee z\u00eade dur dikeve pol\u00eet\u00eekaye\u201d. Di \u201cl\u00eakol\u00een\u00ean siyaset\u00ea\u201d y\u00ean navdar de bi v\u00ea \u00eeroniya k\u00fb bal\u00ea dik\u015f\u00eene li ser s\u00eenor\u00ean wek\u00ee disipl\u00eena pol\u00eet\u00eekay\u00ea gava destp\u00eak\u00ea di av\u00eaje. Vana bi \u201cli hevne hatina\u201d teorisyenan ve gir\u00ea dide \u00fb dide diyar kirin k\u00fb \u201cr\u00eaveber\u00ee ji wan \u00e7\u00eanabe\u201d. Li beramber v\u00ea pol\u00eet\u00eekaciy\u00ean wan j\u00ee \u201cne ji bo di asta her\u00ee ba\u015f de r\u00eavebirina mirovan, ev kes\u00ean k\u00fb qurnaz \u00fb j\u00eahat\u00ee di wan an\u00eena ley\u00eestokan ve xer\u00eek dibin\u201d didin nas\u00een. Li gor\u00ee v\u00ea peyam\u00ea teor\u00eesyen mirovan weke hey\u00ee nab\u00eenin, weke k\u00fb di xwazin wan di b\u00eenin. Ji ber v\u00ea sedem\u00ea ji dervey utopyay\u00ea di qada pol\u00eet\u00eek de n\u00ear\u00eeneke wan ya xistina meriyet\u00ea n\u00eene. Pol\u00eet\u00eekavan\u00ean k\u00fb qet qala ti\u015ft\u00ean k\u00fb p\u00eak ney\u00ean nakin xwe weke p\u00eakan\u00eena ti\u015ft\u00ean p\u00eaw\u00eest y\u00ean k\u00fb \u201cxiraby\u00ean\u201d di mirovan de berpirsiyar dib\u00eenin.<\/p>\n
Ev \u00eeroniya k\u00fb zanista pol\u00eet\u00eekay\u00ea \u00fb siyasetmedaran rave dike, vedana bi sesdalan \u00fb w\u00eade t\u00ea di kare were p\u00eeroz kirin. Ji ber k\u00fb ya \u00eero di qewime realize(pi\u015ft rast) dike. Li gel k\u00fb ne tecrubeyek bi\u00e7uke j\u00ee rexne di wateya guncaw de nirx\u00ea xwe di par\u00eaze. Teor\u00eesyenan bi xeletiy\u00ean xwe r\u00ea li ber tecrubey\u00ean bi \u00ea\u015f vekirin. Pol^t\u00eeka ji p\u00eanaseya cewher\u00ee \u00fb erk\u00ea xwe pir w\u00eadetir, s\u00eeyasetvan\u00ea konjekt\u00fbrel j\u00ee prof\u00eela xwe ya mijara gotin\u00ea p\u00eak tine.<\/p>\n
Em ni karin nirxandin\u00ean yek ji f\u00eelozof\u00ean ronakbuy\u00een\u00ea sp\u00eenoza y\u00ea jib o pol\u00eet\u00eeka \u00fb r\u00eaveber\u00ee kir\u00ee, ji p\u00eavajoya d\u00eerok\u00ee \u00fb civak\u00ee veqetand\u00ee bigrin dest. Her \u00e7iqas di merc\u00ean roja me ya \u00eero de aliy\u00ean derbazdar hilgire j\u00ee, dem \u00fb naveroka l\u00ea cih digire dews\u00ean k\u00fbr di hilgire. Giringiya guncaw ya rexney\u00ea jib o siyasetmedar \u00fb teor\u00eesyenan ne derbazdariya portreya k\u00fb x\u00eez kiriye, bi p\u00eak an\u00eena \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya teor\u00eek ya v\u00ea rew\u015f\u00ea jib o hem\u00fb deman me\u015fr\u00fb kirina w\u00ea ye.<\/p>\n
Peyv \u00fb t\u00eag\u00een, her wek\u00fb bandor\u00ean dem p\u00eakt\u00eane \u00fb xira dike di hilgirin. Li gor\u00ee bi d\u00eerok \u00fb naverok\u00ea ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee bi watey\u00ean k\u00fb di nava dem de bi dest xist\u00ee yan j\u00ee winda kir\u00ee bi form^n h\u00een dewlementtir li gor\u00ee k\u00fb dikarin xwe bi gih\u00eenin\u00ea di kain r\u00ea li ber ji destdan\u00ean\u00ean cewher\u00ee \u00fb t\u00eakilheviyan j\u00ee vekin. Heman t\u00eag\u00een di serdem\u00ean c\u00fbda de, di watey\u00ean c\u00fbda de dikarin werin karan\u00een. Yan j\u00ee bi ji dest dana wateya et\u00eemoloj\u00eek ya peyv\u00ea di kare li m\u00fbtasyona were. Sedem\u00ea v\u00ea di girofk\u00ea dem de p\u00ea\u015fketina z\u00eehn\u00ee ji jiyan\u00ea, jiyan j\u00ee ji p\u00ea\u015fketina z\u00eehn\u00ee raste rast bandor dibe. Her wek\u00fb di hem\u00fb ti\u015ftn de hey\u00ee dema k\u00fb em t\u00eag\u00een \u00fb watey\u00ean w\u00ea bigr\u00een dest j\u00ee di nava p\u00eevan\u00ean d\u00eerok\u00ee \u00fb civak\u00ee de dive em bi karin bi gi\u015ft\u00ee li serdem\u00ean p\u00ea\u015fketin \u00fb g\u00fbher\u00een\u00ea tema\u015fe bikin.<\/p>\n
Di parzem\u00eena Ewr\u00fbpa de yek ji encam\u00ean her\u00ee gir\u00eeng y\u00ean hizr\u00ea Ronakb\u00fbn\u00ea xuliqand\u00ee avakirina poz\u00eet\u00eev\u00eezm\u00ea wek\u00ee z\u00eahniyet \u00fb serdest kirina w\u00ea ye. Poz\u00eet\u00eev\u00eezm, bi s\u00eenordar kirina zanist\u00ea bi ceribandin \u00fb diyardeyan heq\u00eeqeta civak\u00ee par\u00e7e dike, realist e. real\u00eezm wek\u00ee \u00e7iyayek\u00ee y\u00ea qe\u015fay\u00ea y\u00ea qeris\u00ee ye.\u00a0 Ji ya \u201chey\u00ee\u201d bi r\u00ea dikeve, rastiya dem p\u00eakaner\u00ea vedide. \u00c7i zanist\u00ean k\u00fb xwe ne spart\u00een ceribandin \u00fb diyardeyan li gor\u00ee k\u00fb ne rast e, \u201cya hey\u00ee\u201d ger k\u00fb di wesfek p\u00eakan \u00fb \u00e7avd\u00earkar de be teqeze \u00fb m\u00eesoger rast e. di rastiy\u00ea de rastiya rasteq\u00een \u00fb ne guher, prens\u00eeb\u00ea bingeh\u00een y\u00ea modern\u00eeteya hizr\u00ea ronakb\u00fbn\u00ea avakir\u00ee ye. Modern\u00eeteya kap\u00eetal\u00eest yak \u00fb li ser Mand\u00eal \u00fb tune hesibandina civaka kevne\u015fop hat\u00ee p\u00ea\u015fxistin, wek\u00ee heq\u00eeqeta yekane \u00fb neguher t\u00ea avakirin. Ji ber v\u00ea boney\u00ea jibo t\u00eag\u00een\u00ean pol\u00eet\u00eeka \u00fb r\u00eaveber\u00ee li ser v\u00ee esas\u00ee wate t\u00ea qezenckirin. Zanista k\u00fb serdestiya rasteq\u00een ya modern\u00eeteya kap\u00eetal\u00eest p\u00eanase dike, ger k\u00fb bi n\u00eaz\u00eekat\u00ee \u00fb p\u00eanasey\u00ean dorp\u00ea\u00e7kir\u00ee derbikeve r\u00ea, t\u00eag\u00een\u00ean pol\u00eet\u00eeka \u00fb r\u00eaveber\u00ee ji faktora dem c\u00fbda dik\u00een \u00fb tengav dik\u00een. Ji dervey\u00ee temamkir\u00eey\u00ean k\u00fb ep\u00eestemoloj\u00eeya mijara gotin\u00ea pejirand\u00ee, di derbar\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fketin \u00fb guher\u00eena civak\u00ee de; bi v\u00ee away\u00ee di derbar\u00ea pol\u00eet\u00eeka \u00fb r\u00eaveberiy\u00ea ya k\u00fb d\u00eenam\u00eek\u00ea bingeh\u00een y\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fketin \u00fb guher\u00eena civak\u00ee de j\u00ee em nikarin xwe bigih\u00eenin zanistek rast \u00fb gi\u015ft\u00ee. P\u00ea\u015f pejirandina temamkiriy\u00ean k\u00fb hat\u00een gotin \u00fb p\u00eakan\u00een j\u00ee bi rew\u015fa mewc\u00fbt stab\u00eel\u00eeze kirin\u00ea me\u015fr\u00fb dibe.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u00c7AVKAN\u00ce: KOVARA KOMUNAR<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Rast ravekirina t\u00eageha r\u00eaveber\u00ee, ney\u00eaniy\u00ean ji ber t\u00eageha desthilatdariy\u00ea \u00fb ji h\u00eala tine kirina miyoptiyan giringe. R\u00eaveber\u00ee j\u00ee wek\u00ee \u00e7and di civak\u00ea de \u00e7\u00eakerek xwed\u00ee berdewamiye. Ger em h\u00een bi gi\u015ft\u00ee bigrin dest, di astek gerd\u00fbn\u00ee de li p\u00ea\u015fketina mej\u00ee \u00fb bi taybet\u00ee j\u00ee di gerd\u00fbna b\u00eeyoloj\u00eekde li t\u00eerb\u00fbna t\u00fbreyan rast t\u00ea.\u00a0 R\u00eaveber\u00ee sererastiya di […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":44,"featured_media":8941,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[52],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8919","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-perwerde"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/yps-online.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8919","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/yps-online.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/yps-online.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yps-online.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/44"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yps-online.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8919"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/yps-online.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8919\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8942,"href":"https:\/\/yps-online.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8919\/revisions\/8942"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yps-online.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8941"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/yps-online.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8919"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yps-online.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8919"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yps-online.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8919"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}