{"id":15641,"date":"2021-06-13T10:21:50","date_gmt":"2021-06-13T07:21:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yps-online.org\/tr\/?p=15641"},"modified":"2022-02-20T16:23:23","modified_gmt":"2022-02-20T13:23:23","slug":"tarihte-sehir-savaslari-5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yps-online.org\/tr\/2021\/06\/13\/tarihte-sehir-savaslari-5\/","title":{"rendered":"Tarihte \u015eehir Sava\u015flar\u0131 -5"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n

\u0130spanya \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f\u0131nda Uluslararas\u0131 Dayan\u0131\u015fman\u0131n Tarihi \u00d6rne\u011fi: Uluslararas\u0131 Tugaylar<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0130ki d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli sava\u015flardan biri \u0130spanya \u0130\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Krall\u0131kla y\u00f6netilen \u0130spanya\u2019da 1902-1923 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda 33 kez kabine de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f; 1923\u2019te ordu darbe yapm\u0131\u015f, general Rivera ba\u015fbakan olarak diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc tesis etmi\u015ftir. Bu geli\u015fmeyle birlikte \u00fclkede sa\u011f-sol kampla\u015fma-51 s\u0131 daha kat\u0131 \u015fekilde geli\u015fmi\u015f ve s\u00fcrekli bir kaos ortam\u0131 do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Rivera 1930\u2019da istifa etmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015f ve bunu izleyen 6 y\u0131l boyunca solcular h\u00fck\u00fcmete gelince sa\u011fc\u0131lar\u0131 hapse t\u0131km\u0131\u015f, sa\u011fc\u0131lar iktidar\u0131 al\u0131nca solcular\u0131 tasfiyeye giri\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

1936 y\u0131l\u0131nda Cumhuriyet\u00e7i h\u00fck\u00fcmete kar\u015f\u0131 ordu i\u00e7inden bir ayaklanma patlam\u0131\u015f, fa\u015fist General Franko bu ayaklanman\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7mi\u015f; kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ise solcular (Cumhuriyet\u00e7iler), i\u015f\u00e7iler, k\u00f6yl\u00fcler, anar\u015fistler bir safta toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece \u0130spanya i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Sava\u015f ba\u015flar ba\u015flamaz Hitler ve Musulloni birere u\u00e7ak filosunu Franko\u2019nun yard\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir. Cumhuriyet\u00e7iler ise Sovyetler Birli\u011finin deste\u011fini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi daha da \u00f6nemlisi 53 \u00fclkeden g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fclerin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Uluslararas\u0131 Tugaylar\u0131n kurulmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Uluslararas\u0131 Tugaylar\u0131n olu\u015fturulma s\u00fcreci \u00f6ncelikle \u0130talya ve Fransa Kom\u00fcnist Partilerinin giri\u015fimiyle ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Frans\u0131z Kom\u00fcnist Partisi sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fcniformalar\u0131n\u0131 dikmeyi de \u00fcstlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0130lk b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131 Madrid Savunmas\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Her yerde siperlerde \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar devam ederken fa\u015fistler Madrid\u2019e do\u011frudan sald\u0131rmak yerine ku\u015fatma karar\u0131 alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Madrid ve bir\u00e7ok kentte-kasabada k\u0131ran k\u0131rana \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hitler u\u00e7aklar\u0131 Picasso\u2019nun resmine konu olan Guernica kentini bombalam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Fa\u015fistlerin Madrid\u2019i almalar\u0131yla sava\u015f sona ermi\u015ftir. Sava\u015fta \u00f6len insan say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 500 bin civar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir. B\u00f6ylece 1975 y\u0131l\u0131na dek s\u00fcrecek olan Franko\u2019nun diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck s\u00fcreci ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Fakat direni\u015fin an\u0131lar\u0131 \u0130spanya toplumunda geri d\u00f6n\u00fclmez bir demokratik uyan\u0131\u015fa yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f, Franko\u2019nun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden fa\u015fizmin elinde \u015fekillenmi\u015f olan \u0130spanya Anayasas\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f; \u00f6zerk b\u00f6lgelere dayal\u0131 bug\u00fcnk\u00fc sistem kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda uluslararas\u0131 dayan\u0131\u015fman\u0131n en g\u00fczel \u00f6rnekleri ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcler s\u0131k\u0131 bir disiplin i\u00e7inde e\u011fitimlerini g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ve her cephede sava\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve moral kayna\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Fakat fa\u015fistlerin di\u011fer devletlerden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 deste\u011fi k\u0131rmak ad\u0131na 1938 Eyl\u00fcl\u00fcnde Cumhuriyet\u00e7i h\u00fck\u00fcmet on bin kadar yabanc\u0131 g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcn\u00fcn bulundu\u011fu Uluslararas\u0131 Tugaylar\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tma karar\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f ve bunu da Milletler Cemiyetinde a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fclerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 fa\u015fistlerin iktidarda oldu\u011fu \u00fclkelerden geldi\u011fi i\u00e7in geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fleri riskliydi. Bu nedenle \u0130spanyol vatanda\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve halk ordusuna kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u201c\u015eehir Gerillac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d Ad\u0131n\u0131n Kayna\u011f\u0131: RAF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

1968 gen\u00e7lik hareketleri d\u00f6neminde sol guruplar\u0131n m\u00fccadele y\u00f6ntemlerini pasif bulan Ulrike, bir al\u0131\u015f-veri\u015f ma\u011fazas\u0131n\u0131 kundaklamaktan tutuklu bulunan Andreas\u2019\u0131n hapishaneden ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bu olay ard\u0131ndan RAF kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Firardan sonra Andreas 20 kadar arkada\u015f\u0131yla birlikte Filistin Kamplar\u0131nda e\u011fitim g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015flerinde \u015fehir merkezlerinde kapitalizmi ve h\u00fck\u00fcmeti hedefleyen eylemler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir. ABD \u00fcslerinin bombalanmas\u0131, banka soygunlar\u0131, sabotajlar, kundaklamalar, \u015fof\u00f6r ve korumalar\u0131n vurulmas\u0131, diplomatlar\u0131n ve sermayedarlar\u0131n rehin al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve vurulmas\u0131 gibi bir\u00e7ok eylemle Almanya ve d\u00fcnya g\u00fcndemine giren gurubun \u00f6nc\u00fclerinden Ulrike ve Andreas ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7o\u011fu 1972 y\u0131l\u0131nda yakalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Ulrike ve Andreas s\u0131ras\u0131yla 1976 ve 1977 y\u0131llar\u0131nda h\u00fccrelerinde \u00f6l\u00fc bulunmu\u015flar; kendilerini \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fckleri iddia edilse de Ulrike\u2019nin kendini ast\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edilen ipin beden a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yamayacak bir battaniye ipi olmas\u0131, Andreas\u2019\u0131n ise ensesinden kur\u015funla vurulmu\u015f olmas\u0131 Alman devletince katledildiklerinin kan\u0131t\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Kapitalizmin kendini \u00f6rg\u00fctleme d\u00fczeyine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Alman devrimcilerin toplumu yeterince \u00f6rg\u00fctlememi\u015f olmalar\u0131 sert sald\u0131r\u0131lar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrememelerine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat hem zindan direni\u015fleri hem de \u015fehir sava\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, halk \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri eksik olsa da geli\u015ftirdikleri \u201c\u015fehir gerillac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d kavram\u0131, teorisi ve prati\u011fiyle tarihin \u00f6nemli derslerini kaydetmi\u015f ve radikal direni\u015f\u00e7i bir miras b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Sonu\u00e7: Sava\u015fan Halk\u0131n Zaferi<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Arap-\u0130srail sava\u015flar\u0131ndan G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019ya, Balkanlardan Kafkaslara, Bask ve \u0130rlanda\u2019dan Zapatistalara, Che Guevera gerillac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan Mahir \u00c7ayanlara daha bir\u00e7ok \u00f6rnek incelenebilir. \u00d6mer Muhtar\u2019\u0131n \u0130talyanlara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctledi\u011fi direni\u015f, \u00e7\u00f6l gerillac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011freticidir. Cezayir ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k sava\u015f\u0131nda 470 binlik Frans\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7lerine kar\u015f\u0131 30 binlik devrimci halk g\u00fcc\u00fcyle direnilmi\u015f; 960 bin Cezayirli hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fi halde zafer elde edilmi\u015ftir. Her birinden al\u0131nacak b\u00fcy\u00fck dersler vard\u0131r. En son Kobani direni\u015fi adeta tarihin t\u00fcm \u015fehir sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n derslerini kendinde toplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde devletli uygarl\u0131k ile demokratik uygarl\u0131k g\u00fc\u00e7leri aras\u0131ndaki sava\u015flar\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sivil kay\u0131plar\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fle k\u0131yaslanamayacak kadar artt\u0131\u011f\u0131, yani eski sava\u015f tarzlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Birinci d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131nda sivil kayb\u0131 % 5, ikinci d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131nda % 48 iken 1990\u2019lardan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze devam eden sava\u015flarda ise % 95\u2019tir. Bu istatistik bile -sava\u015flara kat\u0131ls\u0131n veya kat\u0131lmas\u0131n- \u015fehirlerin ve sivil halk\u0131n hedef haline geldi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u015eehir sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer \u00f6nemli bir sonucu g\u00f6\u00e7 olgusudur. \u00d6zellikle i\u00e7 sava\u015fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen sava\u015flar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biri de kapsaml\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7ledir. Hannah Arendt bu yeni durumu Emperyalizm kitab\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: \u201c1920\u2019lerden sonraki i\u00e7 sava\u015flar\u2026 hi\u00e7 bir yere kabul edilmeyen ve hi\u00e7bir yerde asimile olamayan g\u00f6\u00e7men guruplar yaratt\u0131. Anayurtlar\u0131ndan ayr\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131nda art\u0131k yurtsuzdular; devletlerini b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131nda art\u0131k devletsizdiler; insan haklar\u0131ndan yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131nda art\u0131k haks\u0131zd\u0131lar, yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn posas\u0131yd\u0131lar.\u201d<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

G\u00f6\u00e7menler devletleraras\u0131 ili\u015fkilerde diplomasinin \u00f6nemli bir bile\u015feni durumuna gelirken egemenlerin tek derdi onlardan kurtulmak veya siyasi-ekonomik \u015fantaj arac\u0131 haline getirmek olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u015eehir sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fman askeri \u00fczerindeki psikolojik etkilerine ise g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz teknolojisi bile \u00e7are olamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f sava\u015flar\u0131n tan\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde n\u00fckleer g\u00fcce ve teknik hava g\u00fcc\u00fcne dayal\u0131 olarak askeri psikolojisinin rahatlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131n\u0131n direni\u015f\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan tersine \u00e7evrilmesidir. \u201c\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f sava\u015flar\u0131n aseptik olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. \u00d6yle ki Amerikan askerleri birka\u00e7 saatlik bir u\u00e7u\u015fla Afganistan\u2019a bombalar\u0131 b\u0131rakt\u0131ktan sonra evlerine d\u00f6n\u00fcp televizyondaki futbol ma\u00e7\u0131n\u0131 izleyebilmektedir.\u201d(Renata Salecl) Emperyal g\u00fc\u00e7ler vir\u00fcs, mikrop, hastal\u0131k kapmayan, sendroma girmeyen askerler d\u00f6neminin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia ederken belli ki \u015fehir i\u00e7indeki sava\u015flar\u0131, hele ki son d\u00f6nemlerinkini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmam\u0131\u015flar veya propaganda gere\u011fi \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Ge\u00e7mi\u015fin \u015fehir sava\u015flar\u0131nda genellikle \u201cku\u015fatma\u201d ve buna kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015f s\u00f6z konusuyken g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde sokaklarda, evlerde, barikatlarda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma durumu ba\u015fat hale gelmi\u015ftir. Yeni neslin televizyonlarda Kud\u00fcs, Saray-Bosna, Ba\u011fdat, \u015eam, Kobani sokaklar\u0131nda g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma manzaralar\u0131 \u015fehir sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ne denli \u201cyak\u0131n alan\u201d sava\u015f\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc anlatmaya yetmektedir. Bu durumun derin psikolojik sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 da ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u015eehirlerde uzun s\u00fcren sava\u015f\u0131n iki y\u00f6n\u00fc keskin k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 gibi etkilerinin oldu\u011fu da yads\u0131namaz. Halk\u0131n direngenli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131n \u201czaman\u201d fakt\u00f6r\u00fc do\u011fru de\u011ferlendirilmedi\u011finde d\u00fc\u015fman g\u00fc\u00e7ler bunu k\u0131r\u0131lmaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrebilmektedir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Kentlerdeki do\u011fal ve tarihi dokunun tahrip edilmesi ise bazen hem moral hem de k\u00fclt\u00fcrel a\u00e7\u0131dan onar\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furabilmektedir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn bedelinin hi\u00e7bir \u015feyle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclemeyece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Tarihi de\u011ferler ve ya\u015fam alan\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131r veya ya\u011fmalan\u0131rken devreye kapitalist in\u015faat \u015firketlerini koymalar\u0131 da direnen halk a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan sonucu de\u011fi\u015ftirmez. Tarihin t\u00fcm direni\u015flerinin \u00f6\u011fretti\u011fi en b\u00fcy\u00fck ders kal\u0131c\u0131 zaferlerin sadece sava\u015f meydan\u0131nda kazan\u0131lan zaferler olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131; sava\u015f meydan\u0131nda kaybetmemek kadar toplumsal in\u015fa ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel direni\u015fin kal\u0131c\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furdu\u011fudur.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"\"<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

D\u00fc\u015fman bu sava\u015flarda tecr\u00fcbe kazanm\u0131\u015f ama halklar ad\u0131na direnenler de tecr\u00fcbe kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin Almanlar ilk Sovyet kentlerine sald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u201cblok blok ve paralel ilerleme kollar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131\u201d dersini \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f ve di\u011fer kentlere sald\u0131r\u0131rken uygulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta zorlukla ancak iki hafta direnebilen Sovyetler ise edindikleri tecr\u00fcbe sayesinde aylarca direnmeyi ve zafer kazanmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u015eehir sava\u015flar\u0131 ister aylarca isterse sadece g\u00fcnlerce alan tutma \u015feklinde s\u00fcrs\u00fcn ya da alan tutma takti\u011fi yerine vur-ka\u00e7 takti\u011fiyle s\u00fcreklili\u011fini sa\u011flas\u0131n, neticede s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci soyk\u0131r\u0131m rejiminin halk \u00fczerindeki siyasi, sosyal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel etkilerinin \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015flar olmaktad\u0131r. Bu anlamda saflar\u0131n netle\u015fti\u011fi ve \u015fayet yeterince \u00f6rg\u00fctlendirilmi\u015f ve bilin\u00e7lendirilmi\u015fse halk\u0131n daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, kader tayin edici sava\u015flar niteli\u011findedir. Sava\u015f\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fman devletin metropollerine ta\u015f\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ise art\u0131k zafere do\u011fru son darbelerin vurulmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Tarihteki \u00f6rnekler her t\u00fcrl\u00fc taktik zenginli\u011fe ilham olsa da as\u0131l zafer stratejisi halk\u0131n sava\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Halk\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc hedefleyen d\u00fc\u015fman sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6l, ova, da\u011f ve kentlerde ya\u015fayan t\u00fcm halk\u0131n ko\u015fullara g\u00f6re \u00f6rg\u00fctlendirilip direni\u015fe ge\u00e7irilmesi, egemenlerin kirli sava\u015flar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 tek \u00e7are olmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcney Afrika gibi \u00f6rneklerden de anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi diyalog ve m\u00fczakere s\u00fcre\u00e7leri bile direni\u015flerin g\u00fcc\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015fekillenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda bunca ac\u0131mas\u0131z olan ve % 95 sivil halk\u0131n katledildi\u011fi sava\u015flara kar\u015f\u0131 zafer kazand\u0131racak stratejik direni\u015f halks\u0131z d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez; d\u00fc\u015fman tekni\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131n halk\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctleyecek kadronun \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerinin y\u00fckseltilmesi, halk\u0131 katabilecek sava\u015f komutan\u0131n\u0131n yeteneklerinin geli\u015ftirilmesi ve t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyayla siyasi kanallar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k tutulmas\u0131 gibi duyarl\u0131l\u0131klar m\u00fccadelenin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131nda vazge\u00e7ilmez say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc i\u015fin s\u0131rr\u0131 \u00d6nder APO\u2019nun \u0131srarla vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tek c\u00fcmlede sakl\u0131d\u0131r: \u201cSava\u015fan halk ger\u00e7ekli\u011fine ula\u015fmak!\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130spanya \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f\u0131nda Uluslararas\u0131 Dayan\u0131\u015fman\u0131n Tarihi \u00d6rne\u011fi: Uluslararas\u0131 Tugaylar \u0130ki d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli sava\u015flardan biri \u0130spanya \u0130\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Krall\u0131kla y\u00f6netilen \u0130spanya\u2019da 1902-1923 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda 33 kez kabine de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f; 1923\u2019te ordu darbe yapm\u0131\u015f, general Rivera ba\u015fbakan olarak diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc tesis etmi\u015ftir. Bu geli\u015fmeyle birlikte \u00fclkede sa\u011f-sol kampla\u015fma-51 s\u0131 daha kat\u0131 \u015fekilde geli\u015fmi\u015f ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"featured_media":16594,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[52],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15641","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-egitim"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/yps-online.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15641","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/yps-online.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/yps-online.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yps-online.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/34"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yps-online.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15641"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/yps-online.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15641\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16595,"href":"https:\/\/yps-online.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15641\/revisions\/16595"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yps-online.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16594"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/yps-online.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15641"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yps-online.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15641"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yps-online.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15641"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}