{"id":15610,"date":"2021-06-08T08:47:11","date_gmt":"2021-06-08T05:47:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yps-online.org\/tr\/?p=15610"},"modified":"2022-02-20T16:40:52","modified_gmt":"2022-02-20T13:40:52","slug":"tarihte-sehir-savaslari-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yps-online.org\/tr\/2021\/06\/08\/tarihte-sehir-savaslari-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Tarihte \u015eehir Sava\u015flar\u0131 -2"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n

Yunan \u015eehirleri Aras\u0131ndaki Sava\u015flarda Kader Tayin Eden \u0130ttifaklar ve Ku\u015fatmalar<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Eski Yunan \u015fehir devletleri aras\u0131nda Atina ve Sparta ba\u015f\u0131 \u015fekmi\u015f ve birbirine rakip olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Onlar etraf\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok konfederasyon ve sava\u015f ittifak\u0131 kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u00c7e\u015fitli ittifaklarla y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen sava\u015flar\u0131n sonunda, \u00f6zellikle de sava\u015f tarihinde \u00f6nemli bir yeri olan, \u201cPeloponez Sava\u015flar\u0131\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan sava\u015flar\u0131n sonunda (M\u00d6 431-404) Atina yenilgi alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sava\u015f ve sava\u015f etraf\u0131nda ittifaklar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an geli\u015fme Atina\u2019n\u0131n b\u00f6lgedeki dengeleri ortadan kald\u0131racak kadar g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesi olsa da askeri karakterli Sparta\u2019n\u0131n fetih hevesi belirleyici etken olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Yenilgiye yol a\u00e7an askeri duruma bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise, nefes alamaz tarzda ku\u015fatma alt\u0131nda kalmak esas sebep olmu\u015ftur. Sparta her y\u0131l hasat mevsiminde Atina topraklar\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131yor, \u00fcz\u00fcm ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131, zeytin ve meyve a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 keserek yiyeceksiz b\u0131rakmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorken Atina ise karada Sparta ile \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 riskli buldu\u011fundan surlar\u0131n arkas\u0131na \u00e7ekilmeyi ve deniz seferleriyle Sparta\u2019y\u0131 darbelemeyi esas alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bu nedenle Atina sava\u015f\u0131n bir a\u015famas\u0131ndan sonra kent surlar\u0131 arkas\u0131na \u00e7ekilmi\u015fken veba salg\u0131n\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve n\u00fcfusunun d\u00f6rtte birini yitirmi\u015ftir. Yenilgiye giden s\u00fcre\u00e7 b\u00f6yle ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yiyecek ikmali de kesilince Atina teslim olmak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 bir toplum olan Sparta mitolojide Sava\u015f Tanr\u0131s\u0131 Ares ile an\u0131l\u0131rken demokrasi yurdu olan Atina ise Zek\u00e2, Sanat, Strateji, \u0130lham ve Bar\u0131\u015f Tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 olan Athena ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Yunan mitolojisinde Athena\u2019n\u0131n, kaba g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanan Ares\u2019i her seferinde yenmesi bo\u015funa de\u011fildir. Nitekin Peloponez sava\u015flar\u0131nda Atina yenilmi\u015f oldu\u011fu halde \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden Atina filozoflar\u0131 ve siyaset\u00e7ileri sayesinde Sparta etkisi k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Atinal\u0131 ya\u015fam tarz\u0131 kentte h\u00e2kim olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u015eehir Direni\u015flerine \u0130lham Olan Hendek Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"\"<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

627 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hz. Muhammed\u2019in \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ya\u015fanan sava\u015f\u0131n ad\u0131 olan Hendek Sava\u015f\u0131 \u015fehir savunmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6rnektir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0130slamiyet\u2019in geli\u015fip g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesinden rahats\u0131z olan kesimlerin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde yeni bir sava\u015f cephesi olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Yahudi ve Arap kabilelerinin toplam askeri g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn on bin, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n ise \u00fc\u00e7 bin dolaylar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

D\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenen Hz. Muhammed, sava\u015f meclisini toplam\u0131\u015f ve kendi haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Meclisin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Medine\u2019nin i\u00e7erden savunulabilece\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde birle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bunun \u00fczerine Selman-\u0131 Far\u0131si \u015fehrin \u00fcst\u00fcn kuvvetlerle ku\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda etraf\u0131na hendeklerin kaz\u0131larak gerekli savunman\u0131n sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve peygamber taraf\u0131ndan da onaylan\u0131p derhal hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Hz. Muhammed hendek kaz\u0131lacak yerlerin ke\u015ffini bizzat yapm\u0131\u015f, Medine\u2019deki t\u00fcm ara\u00e7-gere\u00e7 toplanarak ve t\u00fcm halk\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla k\u0131\u015f mevsiminin zorluklar\u0131na ra\u011fmen hendekler kaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan topraklarla ise i\u00e7 tarafa y\u0131\u011f\u0131larak siperler olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Sava\u015f gelip \u00e7att\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sald\u0131rganlar Medine \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f fakat hendekleri g\u00f6r\u00fcnce \u015fa\u015f\u0131p kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. B\u00f6yle bir savunma takti\u011fini bilmedikleri gibi nas\u0131l a\u015facaklar\u0131ndan da habersizdirler. B\u00f6ylece hendek gerisinde kal\u0131p ok vb silahlarla etkili olmayan sald\u0131r\u0131lar d\u00fczenlemi\u015flerdir.43<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar ise hendekler arkas\u0131nda siperlerde n\u00f6bet tutmu\u015f, gece devriye \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f, \u015fehir i\u00e7inde ve savunma hatt\u0131nda s\u0131zmalara kar\u015f\u0131 tedbir geli\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir. Fakat hem so\u011fuklar, hem de d\u0131\u015far\u0131yla ba\u011flar\u0131n kesilmesiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan erzak sorunu inanc\u0131 zay\u0131f olanlarda huzursuzluklara ve moral bozuklu\u011funa yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Meydan sava\u015flar\u0131na al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fken hendek arkas\u0131nda beklemek s\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 ve y\u0131prat\u0131c\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Hz. Muhammed\u2019in d\u00fc\u015fman g\u00fc\u00e7leri b\u00f6lmek ad\u0131na giri\u015fti\u011fi diplomatik \u00e7abalar da sonu\u00e7suz kal\u0131nca hendek ve siperlerde direnmekten ba\u015fka yapacak bir \u015fey kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu zor durum Kur\u2019an\u2019da \u201ci\u015fte m\u00fcminler orda s\u0131nand\u0131 ve sars\u0131ld\u0131lar\u201d bi\u00e7iminde ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

D\u00fc\u015fman g\u00fc\u00e7ler de hende\u011fi a\u015fmay\u0131 kafaya koymu\u015f ve neticede sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00fcn salm\u0131\u015f olan Amr b. Abd\u0131ved komutas\u0131ndaki bir birlik bunu ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ebu S\u00fcfyan ve Halid Bin Velid de bu s\u0131rada d\u00fc\u015fman saflar\u0131nda M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fmakta olup Amr\u2019\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ilerlemektedirler. Hendekleri ge\u00e7en Amr kendisiyle sava\u015facak bir sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulunarak M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara meydan okumu\u015ftur. Nam\u0131n\u0131 duymu\u015f olan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlardan kimse bu meydan okuyu\u015fa cevap vermeyince Hz. Ali peygamberden sava\u015fmak i\u00e7in izin istemi\u015f, ancak ikinci \u0131srar\u0131nda onay alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Amr Ali\u2019nin gen\u00e7 olu\u015fu ve babas\u0131yla dostlu\u011funu gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6sterip onunla sava\u015fmak istememi\u015f ama Hz. Ali \u201ckendisinin sava\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kanlar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 teklifinden birini kabul etti\u011fini duydu\u011funu; e\u011fer \u00f6yleyse, \u00fc\u00e7 teklifi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. Ya M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmas\u0131n\u0131, ya sava\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131p gitmesini, ya da kendisiyle d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015fmesini teklif etti. \u0130lk ikisini reddeden Amr d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015fmeyi se\u00e7ti.\u201d Bu teke tek d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015fte Hz. Ali\u2019nin kalkan\u0131 par\u00e7alan\u0131p ba\u015f\u0131ndan yaralansa da Amr \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Amr ile beraber hendekleri ge\u00e7en D\u0131rar ve H\u00fcbeyre ise ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara moral kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, siperlerde ok ve ta\u015flarla \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmaya devam etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bu s\u0131rada sava\u015f\u0131n kaderini de\u011fi\u015ftirecek bir geli\u015fme ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f, sald\u0131rgan g\u00fc\u00e7lerden baz\u0131s\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7meye karar vermi\u015ftir. Hz. Muhammed d\u00fc\u015fman saflar\u0131 aras\u0131nda olup da M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7en Nuaym sayesinde d\u00fc\u015fman g\u00fc\u00e7lerini bir birine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeyi ve baz\u0131 kabilelerin b\u0131rak\u0131p gitmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f, b\u00f6ylece sava\u015f eski \u015fiddetini kaybetmi\u015ftir. K\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra da tozu topra\u011f\u0131 bir birine katan dondurucu bir r\u00fczg\u00e2r ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n geri \u00e7ekilmesine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bu sab\u0131rl\u0131 direni\u015f \u00fczerine M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar hendeklerden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, d\u00fc\u015fman g\u00fc\u00e7lerin elindeki erza\u011f\u0131 elde etmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f ve kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131 hamlesini ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Hendek zaferi M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara gerekli morali kazand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi kesin zafere vesile olacak Mekke yolunu da a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun Radikal \u015eehir Kom\u00fcnc\u00fcleri Karmatiler<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"\"<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Karmati hareketi 870\u2019lerden ba\u015flayarak 1070\u2019lere kadar, 200 y\u0131la varan bir d\u00f6nem i\u00e7erisinde Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcne yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan en b\u00fcy\u00fck toplumsal harekettir. Karmati ismi hakk\u0131nda en yayg\u0131n kabul Karmati hareketin kurucusu olan Hamdan b. E\u015f\u2019as El-Karmat\u2019\u0131n lakab\u0131 olan Karmat\u2019tan geldi\u011fidir. Hareket mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n bir birlerine Arap\u00e7ada yolda\u015f, arkada\u015f anlam\u0131na gelen \u2018Refiq\u2019 hitab\u0131yla seslenmeleri hareketin karakterine dair \u00f6nemli bir veridir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Hamdan Karmat K\u00fcfe b\u00f6lgesinin Ba\u015f da\u00ee\u2019si olarak atand\u0131ktan sonra b\u00f6lgede kendi \u00f6\u011fretisini yaymak amac\u0131yla \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015filik bir ekip kurar. Bunlardan ilki hareketin \u201cfilozofu ve beyni\u201d olarak tan\u0131nan Abdan olup nas\u0131l bir d\u00fczen kurmak istediklerini anlatan Belagat-\u00fcl Safa (Karde\u015fli\u011fin Hitabeti) ad\u0131ndaki yedi ciltten olu\u015fan bir kitab\u0131 kaleme alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ekip i\u00e7erisindeki ikinci isim olan El-Cenabi hareketin Hamdan Karmat\u2019tan sonra gelen ikinci \u00f6nderi d\u00fczeyindedir. Hareketin bir numaral\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctleyicisi ve eylem adam\u0131 olarak tan\u0131n\u0131r. T\u00fcm tarih\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan kom\u00fcnal toplum projesini hayata ge\u00e7iren en cesur Karmati komutan\u0131 olarak tan\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc ise Hamdan Karmat\u2019\u0131n \u00f6\u011frencisi olan Zikreveyh El-Dendani\u2019dir. Daha \u00e7ok \u0130ran topraklar\u0131nda hareketi tan\u0131tmak ve yaymak i\u00e7in g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015f ve bu alanlarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015f bir \u00f6nc\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Irak\u2019tan Yemen, M\u0131s\u0131r, \u015eam ve Afrika\u2019daki halklara kadar Ortado\u011fu ba\u015ftanba\u015fa bu kom\u00fcnal halk \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi etraf\u0131nda \u015fekil alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Karmatiler muazzam toplumsal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerine dayanarak bir\u00e7ok kenti \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir. \u0130lk \u00f6nce Bahreyn\u2019in ba\u015fkenti Hajr ve Arabistan\u2019\u0131n Lahsa \u015fehirlerini fethetmi\u015flerdir. Bahreyn\u2019e h\u00e2kim olup orada \u201cM\u00fcmini\u2019yye\u201d \u015fehrini in\u015fa etmi\u015fler, Basra\u2019da k\u0131smen etkili olmu\u015flar, Ba\u011fdat\u2019\u0131n deniz yolunu kapatm\u0131\u015flar, etkilerini daha geni\u015f alanlara yay\u0131p \u015eam\u2019a dek dayanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Karmatilerin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 devlet\u00e7ilikten ziyade toplumculu\u011fu esas almalar\u0131ndan ileri geliyordu. \u0130smailili\u011fin bir di\u011fer kolu olan Fat\u0131miler M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da devlet kurunca onlara kar\u015f\u0131 kesin bir tav\u0131r alm\u0131\u015f ve kendi yollar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Karmatilerin en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fi \u015fehir \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerinde kom\u00fcn evlerini ve e\u011fitimi esas almalar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rg\u00fctlenme ve e\u011fitim sistemleri i\u00e7 i\u00e7e olup 9 a\u015famada kadrolar\u0131n\u0131 yeti\u015ftirirler. \u0130lk halk toplant\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00fcndem olu\u015fturmadan sadece halk\u0131 dinlerler. \u0130kinci toplant\u0131da halk\u0131n g\u00fcndem olu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flarlar. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fcnde \u00f6nc\u00fc kadronun kendisi de g\u00fcndem olu\u015fturur. B\u00f6ylece toplulu\u011fu tan\u0131ma f\u0131rsat\u0131n\u0131 buldu\u011fu i\u00e7in sonraki a\u015famalarda taraftar, milis ve kadro olabilecekleri tespit ederek farkl\u0131 e\u011fitim evlerine g\u00f6nderirler. Son a\u015fama derin felsefik tart\u0131\u015fmalarla \u00f6nc\u00fc kadronun yeti\u015fti\u011fi a\u015famad\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Karmati Hareketi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir gizlilik i\u00e7inde \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc komiteler \u015feklinde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015ftir. Arap\u00e7a Cifr denilen rakamlarla \u015fifreli yaz\u0131\u015fma, birden \u00e7ok kod isim kullanma, s\u0131k\u00e7a yer de\u011fi\u015ftirme gibi y\u00f6ntemlere ba\u015fvurarak Abbasi y\u00f6nelimlerine kar\u015f\u0131 tedbirler geli\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Kadrolar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131 bir disiplin i\u00e7inde tutan harekette ortak ya\u015fam ve ahlaki ilkeler her \u015feyden \u00fcst\u00fcn tutulur. \u0130n\u015fa edilen toplumsall\u0131kta kad\u0131n ve erkek e\u015fittir, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n toplum i\u00e7erisindeki etki d\u00fczeyleri hissedilir derecede artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kad\u0131nlar her t\u00fcrl\u00fc toplumsal faaliyet i\u00e7erisinde erkeklerle e\u015fit d\u00fczeyde yer alm\u0131\u015f; \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n e\u011fitimine de \u00f6zel \u00f6nem verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bu sistemde herkes g\u00fcc\u00fc ve yetene\u011fi oran\u0131nda ekonomik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya kat\u0131l\u0131r ve yine kazanc\u0131 oran\u0131nda ortak i\u015flerin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in bir nevi vergi katk\u0131s\u0131nda bulunurdu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Karmatilerin demokratik uygarl\u0131k tarihine b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 en \u00f6nemli miras da demokratik kom\u00fcnalite sistemi olmu\u015ftur. Bu sistem kat\u0131 otoriter tarzda de\u011fil halk\u0131n demokratik kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 esas alan meclis ve kom\u00fcn sistemiyle hayat buldu\u011fu i\u00e7in egemenlerin sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 halk\u0131n kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 direni\u015fleri geli\u015ftirebilmi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle Karmati kentleri \u201c\u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck kentleri\u201d olarak an\u0131lmay\u0131 hak etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yunan \u015eehirleri Aras\u0131ndaki Sava\u015flarda Kader Tayin Eden \u0130ttifaklar ve Ku\u015fatmalar Eski Yunan \u015fehir devletleri aras\u0131nda Atina ve Sparta ba\u015f\u0131 \u015fekmi\u015f ve birbirine rakip olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Onlar etraf\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok konfederasyon ve sava\u015f ittifak\u0131 kurulmu\u015ftur. \u00c7e\u015fitli ittifaklarla y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen sava\u015flar\u0131n sonunda, \u00f6zellikle de sava\u015f tarihinde \u00f6nemli bir yeri olan, \u201cPeloponez Sava\u015flar\u0131\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan sava\u015flar\u0131n sonunda (M\u00d6 431-404) Atina yenilgi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"featured_media":16608,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[52],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15610","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-egitim"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/yps-online.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15610","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/yps-online.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/yps-online.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yps-online.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/34"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yps-online.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15610"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/yps-online.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15610\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16609,"href":"https:\/\/yps-online.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15610\/revisions\/16609"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yps-online.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16608"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/yps-online.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15610"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yps-online.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15610"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yps-online.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15610"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}